Parámetros relacionados con la preparación física del futbolista de competición

  1. Calahorro Cañada, Fernando
  2. Torres Luque, Gema
  3. Lara Sánchez, Amador Jesús
  4. Zagalaz Sánchez, María Luisa
Revista:
Journal of sport and health research

ISSN: 1989-6239

Año de publicación: 2011

Volumen: 3

Número: 2

Tipo: Artículo

DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAcceso abierto editor

Otras publicaciones en: Journal of sport and health research

Resumen

El deporte del fútbol, es uno de los deportes más populares actualmente. Estos deportistas, necesitan aunar un grupo de características físicas, fisiológicas, psicológicas, etc. La preparación física cubre un papel determinante en un deporte donde el periodo competitivo es muy largo, y donde el futbolista está a demanda de una buena base para tener un desarrollo óptimo a lo largo de una temporada. De esta manera, los métodos y medios de entrenamiento prosperan cada día, y contribuyen a dar un conocimiento más eficaz a entrenadores y preparados físicos. El objetivo de este trabajo es realizar un análisis de la competición de fútbol, de la �repeated sprint ability� (RSA), fuerza y flexibilidad, para con ello aportar directrices y recomendaciones hacia la preparación física del futbolista. Se concluye que las exigencias físicas de la competición de fútbol aumentan con la edad y con nivel de los sujetos, dependiendo del método de entrenamiento.

Referencias bibliográficas

  • Álvarez, J., Casajús, J., Corona, P. (2003). Práctica del Fútbol, Evolución de Parámetros Cineantropométricos y Diferentes Aspectos de la Condición Física en Edades Escolares. Apunts: Educación física y deportes. 72, 28-34.
  • Antivero, E., González Badillo, J. (2003). Demanda Física en Jugadores del Fútbol Profesional Argentino. Capacidad Física y Distancia Recorrida en un Encuentro. Tesis de Maestría, Máster Universitario en Alto Rendimiento, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Centro Olímpico de Estudios Superiores, Comité Olímpico Español, Madrid, España.
  • Arregui Eraña, J.A., Martínez de Haro, V. (2001). Estado actual de las investigaciones sobre la flexibilidad en la adolescencia. Revista Internacional de Medicina y Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte. 1 (2), 127-135.
  • Arruda, M., Hespanhol, J., Goncalves, L., Moreira, J. (2007). Change in physical performance of sub-20 soccer players submitted in maximal strength training program. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine. Suppl. 10, 178.
  • Ayala, F., Sáinz de Baranda (2008a). Efecto del estiramiento activo sobre el rango de movimiento de la flexión de cadera: 15 versus 30 segundos. Motricidad. European Journal of Human Movement. 20, 1-14.
  • Ayala, F., Sáinz de Baranda, P. (2008b). Efecto de la duración y técnica de estiramiento de la musculatura isquiosural sobre la flexión de cadera. Cultura, Ciencia y Deporte. 8, 93-99.
  • Ayala, F., Sáinz de Baranda, P. (2010). Efecto agudo del estiramiento sobre el sprint en jugadores de fútbol de división de honor juvenil. Revista Internacional de Ciencias del Deporte. 6 (18), 1-12.
  • Aziz A., Tan, F., Teh, K. (2004). Physiological attributes of professional players in the Singapore soccer league. Journal of Sports Sciences 22, 522-523.
  • Aziz, A., Tan, F., Teh, K. (2006). Variation in selected fitness attributes of professional soccer players during a league season. En Reilly, T., Cabri, J., Araújo, D (eds) Science and Football V. The proceedings of the Fifth World Congress on Science and Football. London: Routledge.
  • Bandy, W.D., Irion, J.M. (1994). The effect of time on static strecth on the flexibility of the hamstring muscles. Physical Therapy. 74(9), 845-852.
  • Bangsbo, J., Mohr, M., Poulsen, A., Perez-Gomez, J., Krustrup, P. (2006). Training and testing the elite athlete. Journal of Exercise Science and Fitness. 4 (1), 1-14.
  • Barbero, J.C., Heredia, J.M., Mendez-Villanueva, A. (2005). Relationship between the Yo-Yo test and repeated-sprint ability in team-sport athletes. Journal of Sports Sciences. 23, 11-12.
  • Barbero, J. Coutts, A., Granda, J., Barbero, V., Castagna, C. (2009a). The validity and reliability of a global positioning satellite system device to assess speed and repeated sprint ability (RSA) in athletes. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. In press.
  • Barbero-Álvarez, J.C., Barbero-Álvarez, V., Gómez, M. & Castagna C. (2009b). Análisis cinemático del perfil de actividad en jugadoras infantiles de fútbol mediante tecnología GPS. KRONOS, 15, 35-42.
  • Berdejo, D. (2009). Increase in flexibility in basketball through the application of a stretching protocol. The International Journal of Medicine and Science in Physical Education and Sport. 5(1), 3-12.
  • Bertolla, F., Baroni, B.M., Leal Junior, E.C.P., Oltramar, J.D. (2007). Efeito de um programa de treinamento utilizando o método Pilates® na flexibilidade de atletas juvenis de futsal. Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte. 13 (4), 222-226.
  • Bishop, D., Spencer, M., Duffield, R., Lawrence, S. (2001). The validity of a repeated sprint ability test. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. 4 (1), 19-29.
  • Bogdanis, G., Papaspyrou, A., Souglis, A., Theos, A., Sotiropoulos, A., Maridaki, M. (2007). Effects of a hypertrophy and a maximal strength training program on speed, force and power of soccer players. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine. Suppl. 10, 78- 79.
  • Borms, J., Van Roy, P., Santens, J.P. y Haentjens, A. (1987). Optimal duration of static stretching exercises for improvement of coxo-femoral flexibility. Journal of Sports Sciences. 5, 39-47.
  • Brown, T., Vescovi, J., VanHeest, J. (2004). Assesment of linear sprinting performance: a theorical paradigm. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine. 3, 203-210
  • Buchheit, M., Mendez-Villanueva, A., Delhomel, G., Brughelli, M., Ahmaidi, S. (2010). Improving Repeated Sprint Ability in Young Elite Soccer Players: Repeated Shuttle Sprints vs. Explosive Strength Training. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 24 (10), 2715-2722.
  • Castagna, C., D'ottavio, S., Abt, G. (2003) Activity profile of young soccer players during actual match play. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 17, 775-780.
  • Castagna, C., Impellizzeri, F., Cecchini, E., Rampinini, E., Barbero Alvarez, J.C. (2009). Effects of intermittent-endurance fitness on match performance in young male soccer players. The Journal of Strenght and Conditioning Research. 23(7), 1954-1959.
  • Centeno Prada, R., Naranjo, J., Calero, T., Orellana, R., Sánchez, E. (2005). Valores de la Fuerza obtenidos mediante plataforma dinamométrica en futbolistas profesionales. Revista Científica en Medicina del Deporte. 1, 11–17.
  • Chappell, J., Limpisvasti, O. (2008). Effect of a neuromuscular training program on the kinetics and kinematics of jumping tasks. The American Journal of Sports Medicine. 36 (6), 1081-1086.
  • Christou, M., Smilios, L., Sotiropoulos, K., Volaklis, K., Pilianidis, T., Tokmakidis, S. (2006). Effects of resistance training on the physical capacities of adolescent soccer players. Journal of Strenght and Conditional Research. 20 (4), 783-791.
  • Di Salvo, V., Baron, R., Tschan, H., Calderon Montero, F., Bachl, N., Pigozzi, F. (2007). Performance Characteristics According to Playing Position in Elite Soccer. International Journal Sports Medicine. 28 (3), 222- 227.
  • Dawson, B.T., Fitzsimons, M, Ward, D., (1993). The relationship o repeated sprint ability to aerobic power, and performance measures of anaerobic work capacity and power. Australian Journal Science and Medicine in Sport. 25, 88-93.
  • Diallo, O., Dore, E., Duche, P., Van Praagh, E. (2001). Effects of plyometric training followed by a reduced training programme on physical performance in prepubescent soccer players. The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness. 41, 342 - 348.
  • Dupont, G., Koffi, A., Serge, B. (2004). The Effect o In-Season, High-Intensity Interval Training in Soccer Players. The Journal of Strenght and Conditioning Research. 18 (3), 584-589.
  • Ferrer V. (1998). Repercusiones de la cortedad isquiosural sobre la pelvis y el raquis lumbar. Tesis Doctoral. Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, España.
  • F.I.F.A. (2008). Rules of game. Fédération Internationale de Football Association.
  • Ekstrand, J. and Gillquist, J. (1982). The frequency of muscle tightness and injuries in soccer players. The American Journal of Sports Medicine. 10(2), 75-78.
  • Gil, S., Gil, J., Ruiz, F., Irazusta, A., Irazusta, J. (2007). Physiological and anthropometric characteristics of young soccer players according to their playing position: Relevance for the Selection Process. Journal of Strenght and Conditional Research. 21(2), 438–445.
  • Gorostiaga, E., Izquierdo, M., Ruesta, M., Iribarren, J., González-Badillo J., Ibañez, J. (2004). Strength training effects on physical performance and serum hormones in young soccer players. European Journal of Applied Physiology. 91, 698-707.
  • Hahn, T., Foldspang, A., Vestergaard, E. and Ingemann-Hansen, T. (1999). Active knee joint flexibility and sports activity. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports. 9 (2), 74-80
  • Hoff, J. (2005). Training and testing physical capacities for elite soccer players. Journal of Sports Sciences. 23 (6), 573-582.
  • Jensen, J., Randers, M., Krustrup, P., Bangsbo, J. (2007). Effect of additional in-season aerobic high-intensity drills on physical fitness of elite football players. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine. Suppl. 10, 79.
  • Kaplan, T. (2010). Examination of repeated sprinting ability and fatigue index of soccer players according to their positions. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 24(6), 1495-1501.
  • Krustrup, P., Mohr, M., Ellingsgaard, H., Bangsbo, J. (2005). Physical Demands during an Elite Female Soccer Game: Importance of Training Status. Medicine Scences Sports Exercise. 37 (7), 1242– 1248.
  • López Miñarro, P.A., Ferragut Fiol, C., Alacid Cárceles, F., Yuste Lucas J.L., García Ibarra, A. (2008). Validez de los test dedos-planta y dedossuelo para la valoración de la extensibilidad squiosural en piragüistas de categoría infantil. Apunts. Medicina de l'Esport. 43 (157), 24-29.
  • López-Miñarro, P.A., Alacid Cárceles, F. (2010). Cifosis funcional y actitud cifótica lumbar en piragüistas adolescentes. Retos. Nuevas tendencias en Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación. 17, 5-9.
  • McMillan, K., Helgerud, J., Macdonald, R., Hoff, J. (2005). Physiological adaptations to soccer specific endurance training in professional youth soccer players British Journal of Sports Medicine. 39, 273–277.
  • Miller, M., Herniman, J., Ricard, M., Cheatham, C., Michael, T. (2006). The Effects of a 6-Week Plyometric Training Program on Agility. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine. 5, 459-465,
  • Mohr, M., Krustrup, P., Bangsbo, J. (2003). Match performance of high-standard soccer players with special reference to development of fatigue. Journal of Sports Sciences. 21, 519-528.
  • Mrdakovic, V., Ilic, D., Jankovic, N., Rajkovic, Z., Stefanovic, D. (2008). Pre-activity modulation of lower extremity muscles within different types and heights of deep jump. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine. 7, 269-278.
  • Nóbrega, A.C, Paula, K., Carvalho, A.G. (2005). Interaction Between Resistance Training and Flexibility Training in Healthy Young Adults. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 19 (4), 842-846.
  • Ostojic, S. (2003). Seasonal Alterations in Body Composition and Sprint Performance of Elite Soccer Players. Journal of Exercise Physiology. 6 (3), 11-14.
  • Pérez Gómez, J., Vicente-Rodríguez, G., Ferragut, C., Ara, I., López Calbet, J. (2003). Efectos del Entrenamiento de Pliometría sobre la capacidad de salto. Libro de Actas del II Congreso Mundial de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte: Deporte y Calidad. 138-144.
  • Rampinini, E., Bishop, D., Marcora, S.M., Ferrari Bravo, D., Sassi, R. and Impellizzeri, F.M. (2007) Validity of Simple Field Tests as Indicators of Match-Related Physical Performance in Top-Level Professional Soccer Players. International Journal of Sports Medicine. 28(3):228-235.
  • Raven, P., Gettman, L., Pollock, M., Cooper, K. (1976). A physiological evaluation of professional soccer players. British Journal of Sports Medicine.10, 209-216.
  • Reilly T., Bowen, T. (1984). Exertional cost of changes in directional modes of running. Perceptual and Motor Skills. 58, 49-50.
  • Reilly T, Craig White (2006). Small-sided games as an alternative to interval training for soccer players. En Reilly, T., Cabri, J., Araújo, D (eds) Science and Football V. The proceedings of the Fifth World Congress on Science and Football. London: Routledge.
  • Rey, E., Lago-Peñas, C., Lago-Ballesteros, J., Casais, L., Dellal, A. (2010). The effect of cumulative fatigue on activity profiles of profesional soccer players during a congeste fixture period. Biology of Sport. 27(3),181-185.
  • Rodríguez, P.L., Santonja, F.M., López-Miñarro, P.A., Sáinz de Baranda, P., Yuste, J.L. (2008). Effect of physical education stretching programme on sitand-reach score in schoolchildren. Science & Sports. 23(3-4), 170-175.
  • Sáinz de Baranda, P., López Miñarro, P.A., MartínezAlmagro, A. (2005). Disposición sagital del raquis y extensibilidad isquiosural en mujeres postmenopáusicas activas y sedentarias. Cultura, Ciencia y Deporte. 3 (1), 137-144.
  • Sáinz de Baranda, P. (2009). El trabajo de la flexibilidad en educación física: Programa de intervención. Cultura, Ciencia y Deporte. 4 (10), 33-38.
  • Ayala, F., Sáinz de Baranda, P. (2010). Efecto agudo del estiramiento sobre el sprint en jugadores de fútbol de división de honor juvenil. Revista Internacional de Ciencias del Deporte. 6 (18), 1-12.
  • Santos, J. (2009). Estudo Comparativo, Fisiológico, Antropométrico e Motor entre Futebolistas de Diferente nível competitivo. Revista Paulista Educación Física. 13 (2), 146-159.
  • Spencer, M., Bishop, D., Dawson, B., Goodman, C. (2005). Physiological and metabolic responses of repeated-sprint activities: specific to field-based team sports. Sports Medicine. 35 (12), 1025-1244.
  • Sullivan, M.K., Dejulia, J.J., Worrell, T.W. (1992). Effect of pelvic position and stretching method on hamstring muscle flexibility. Medicine Science Sport Exercise. 24(12), 1383-1389.
  • Stroyer, J., Hansen, L., Klausen,K. (2004). Physiological Profile and Activity Pattern of Young Soccer Players during Match Play. Medicine. Sciences Sports Exercise. 36 (1), 168–174.
  • Sullivan, M.K., Dejulia, J.J., Worrell, T.W. (1992). Effect of pelvic position and stretching method on hamstring muscle flexibility. Medicine Science Sport Exercise. 24(12),1383-1389.
  • Venturelli, M., Trentin, F., Bucci, M. (2007). Strength training for young soccer players. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine. Suppl. 10, 84.
  • Vujnovich, A.L. y Dawson, N.J. (1991). The effect of therapeutic muscle stretch on neural processing. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 20(3), 145-153.
  • Wadley, G.: Le Rossignol, P. (1998). The relationship between repeated sprint ability and the aerobic and anaerobic energy systems. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport (2), 100-10.
  • Wilson, J., Hornbuckle, L., Kim, J., et al. (2010). Effects of static stretching on energy cost and running endurance performance. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 24(9), 2274-2279.
  • Woolstenhulme, M., Griffiths, C., Woolstenhulme, E., Parcell, A. (2006). Ballistic stretching increases flexibility and acute vertical jump height when combined with basketball activity. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 20(4), 799–803.
  • Wisløff, U., Castagna, C., Helgerud, J., Jones, R., Hoff, J. (2004). Strong correlation of maximal squat strength with sprint performance and vertical jump height in elite soccer players. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 38 (3), 285-288.
  • Zakas, A., Galazoulas, C., Grammatikopoulou, M.G. y Vergou, A. (2002). Effects of stretching exercise during strength training in prepuberal, pubertal and adolescent boys. Journal Bodywork and Movement Therapies, 6(3), 170-176.
  • Zahínos, J.I., González, C., Salinero, J. (2010). Epidemiological study of the injuries, the processes of readaptation and prevention of the injury of anterior cruciate ligamento in the professional football. Journal of Sport and Health Research. 2 (2), 139-150.
Fuente de los datos: Dialnet