Una reflexión acerca de la expansión del concepto saluddesde la ausencia de la enfermedad a la salutogénesis

Zusammenfassung

Throughout history, humanity has faced challenges in protecting life and health, from ancient times to the present day. Ideas and conceptions regarding health have evolved from a perspec-tive centered on the body and the absence of disease to a more holistic and social view. In this evolution of the concept of health, the 19th century represents a critical moment due to changes in the social system and migratory phenomena related to the Industrial Revolution, where a new epidemiological scenario emerges marked by chronic infectious diseases, poverty, overcrow-ding, and social inequalities; it is in this scenario that Public Health originates. The promotion of health has evolved towards a comprehensive approach, recognizing social and environmental determinants, influenced by the contributions of McKeon and Lalonde, as well as the formula-tion of the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion, which focuses on promoting individual and social control of health and its determinants. In the social evolution of the concept of health, it has also been recognized as a human right, understood as the right to have access to resources and determinants of health in order to achieve a healthy and productive life. In this context of health promotion, the importance of health literacy and the Sustainable Development Goals to address health comprehensively and sustainably on a global scale are emphasized. Additionally, Antonovsky’s salutogenic theory is examined, which highlights the importance of understanding health-generating factors for human adaptation to society. Overall, the evolution of the concept has led to a more comprehensive and ecological understanding of health, recognizing its mul-tifactorial nature and the need for intersectoral interventions and community participation. The main objective of the article is to analyze the different ideas and conceptualizations that have shaped the concept of health over time, providing an evolutionary perspective