La enseñanza de la educación para la salud en los institutos superiores de enfermería profesiones y técnicas de salud en Marruecosdesafíos y perspectivas

  1. Mouna Hannaoui 1
  2. Mohamed Mzireg 2
  3. María Hannaoui 3
  4. Rajae Zerhane 4
  5. María Luisa Grande 5
  1. 1 Instituto Superior de Profesiones de Enfermería y Técnicas de la Salud (ISPITS), Tánger, Marruecos
  2. 2 Universidad Jaén (UJA)
  3. 3 Instituto Superior de Profesiones de Enfermería y Técnicas de la Salud (ISPITS), Tetuan, Marruecos
  4. 4 Equipo de Investigación en Ingeniería Pedagógica y Didáctica de las Ciencias (ERIPDS), Escuela Normal Superior (ENS), Universidad Abdelmalek Essaadi, Tetuán, Marruecos
  5. 5 Universidad de Jaén (UJA)
Journal:
Revista española de educación comparada

ISSN: 1137-8654

Year of publication: 2024

Issue Title: Políticas de igualdad de género en la educación superior: universidades atlánticas y africanas

Issue: 45

Pages: 188-208

Type: Article

More publications in: Revista española de educación comparada

Abstract

The purpose of teaching health education (HE) to future healthcare professionals goes beyond the acquisition of knowledge to the development of the skills needed to promote healthy protective behaviors, have a positive impact on the community and contribute to the reduction of gender inequalities. However, what are the obstacles that inhibit ES teaching practices from achieving this objective? And what are the proposed solutions? To answer these two questions, we used the online Nominal Group Technique 'e- TGN' and the 'e-Delphi' technique with a panel of experts consisting of twelve teachers from different Higher Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques ‘ISPITS’ in Morocco. The e-Delphi was used in 3 sequences to reach a consensus on learning targets for HE teaching. The major obstacle identified by the e-TGN was the unclarity of the learning targets and the lack of alignment between these targets and training goals. A Delphi process has been launched to remedy this shortcoming. The e-Delphi consensus among experts came up with five competencies, including sexual health education and the gender approach. The obstacles diagnosed and the identified skills in this pilot study can offer added value to the confrontation with the guidelines of official bodies to ensure quality HE teaching. which can positively impact the community, in a healthy environment governed by respect for values and gender equality.

Bibliographic References

  • morocco demystify to better use. Advances in Medical Education and Practice, 1069-1079.
  • Achike, F. I. (2016). The challenges of integration in an innovative modern medical curriculum. Medical Science Educator, 26, 153-158. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40670-015-0206-7
  • Almalki, M., FitzGerald, G., & Clark, M. (2011). The nursing profession in Saudi Arabia: An overview. International nursing review, 58(3), 304-311.
  • Assarag, B., Sanae, E. O., & Rachid, B. (2020). Priorities for sexual and reproductive health in Morocco as part of universal health coverage: maternal health as a national priority. Sexual and Reproductive Health Matters, 28(2), 1845426.
  • Barati, M., Afsar, A., & Ahmadpanah, M. (2012). Assessment of communication skills level among healthcare practitioners. Avicenna Journal of Clinical Medicine, 19(1), 62-69.
  • Barich, F., Chamkal, N., & Rezzouk, B. (2019). La formation en soins infirmiers et techniques de santé dans le système licence-master-doctorat au Maroc : analyse des descriptifs de formation, étude analytique descriptive. Revue Francophone Internationale de Recherche Infirmière, 5(4), 100183.
  • Barry, M. M., Allegrante, J. P., Lamarre, M. C., Auld, M. E., & Taub, A. (2009). The Galway Consensus Conference: international collaboration on the development of core competencies for health promotion and health education. Global health promotion, 16(2), 05-11.
  • Battat, R., Seidman, G., Chadi, N., Chanda, M. Y., Nehme, J., Hulme, J., ... & Brewer, T. F. (2010). Global health competencies and approaches in medical education: a literature review. BMC Medical Education, 10(1), 1-7.
  • Berger, D., Nekaa, M., & Courty, P. (2009). Infirmiers scolaires : représentations et pratiques d'éducation à la santé. Santé publique, 21(6), 641-657.
  • Bozorgmehr, K., Menzel-Severing, J., Schubert, K., & Tinnemann, P. (2010). Global Health Education: a cross-sectional study among German medical students to identify needs, deficits and potential benefits (Part 2 of 2: Knowledge gaps and potential benefits). BMC Medical Education, 10(1), 1-19.
  • Brender, J., Nøhr, C., & McNair, P. (2000). Research needs and priorities in health informatics. International Journal of Medical Informatics, 58, 257-289.
  • Carper, B.A., 1978. Fundamental patterns of knowing in nursing. Adv. Nurs. Sci. 1 (1), 13–23.
  • Cesnik, V. M., & Zerbini, T. (2017). Sexuality education for health professionals: A literature review. Estudios de Psicologia (Campinas), 34(1), 161–172. https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-02752017000100016
  • Covvey, J. R., & Ryan, M. (2018). Use of a modified Delphi process to determine course objectives for a model global health course in a pharmacy curriculum. American journal of pharmaceutical education, 82(8).
  • Cunha-Oliveira, A., Camarneiro, A. P., Gómez-Cantarino, S., Cipriano-Crespo, C., Queirós, P. J. P., Cardoso, D., & Ugarte-Gurrutxaga, M. I. (2021). The integration of gender perspective into young people’s sexuality education in Spain and Portugal: Legislation and educational models. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(22), 11921.
  • Darraj, B., Gourja, B., Faiq, A., Tace, E. M., & Belaaouad, S. (2020). Difficultés du développement des compétences nécessaires au raisonnement diagnostique chez les étudiants infirmiers à Casablanca (Maroc): étude descriptive. Revue Francophone Internationale de Recherche Infirmière, 6(3). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.refiri.2020.100204
  • Du Conseil Economique, R. (2013). Social et Environnemental. La Gouvernance des Services publics.
  • Du Maroc R. Rapport national 2020. Examen national volontaire de la mise en œuvre des Objectifs de Développement Durable; 2020. https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&q=du+Maroc+R.+Rapport+national+2020.+Examen+national+volontaire+de+la+mise+en+%C5%93uvre+des+Objectifs+de+D%C3%A9veloppement+Durable%3B+2020.
  • Elammari, B. (2018). Diagnostic de l’éducation genrée au Maroc : Evaluation et évolution. Revue des études multidisciplinaires en sciences économiques et sociales, 3(2).
  • El Moussali, M. N., & Ouarraoui, B. (2022). Les apports du Nouveau Modèle de Développement pour la réforme du système de santé au Maroc : une analyse sur la base du cadre conceptuel des systèmes de santé. Dossiers de Recherches en Économie et Gestion, 10(1), 11-29.
  • Embo, M., Helsloot, K., Michels, N., & Valcke, M. (2017). A Delphi study to validate competency-based criteria to assess undergraduate midwifery students' competencies in the maternity ward. Midwifery, 53, 1-8.
  • Evans, K., 1995. Competence and citizenship: towards a complementary model for times of critical social change. Br. J. Educ. Work 8 (2), 14–27.
  • Fernández Rasines, P., & Bogino Larrambebere, M. (2013). Corresponsabilidad parental y mujeres sin maternidad: nuevas parentalidades. Inguruak. Revista vasca de sociología y ciencia política, Nº 55-56, págs. 1296-1305.
  • Foth, T., Efstathiou, N., Vanderspank-Wright, B., Ufholz, L. A., Dütthorn, N., Zimansky, M., & Humphrey-Murto, S. (2016). The use of Delphi and Nominal Group Technique in nursing education: a review. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 60, 112-120.
  • Gastineau, B., & Adjamagbo, A. (2014). Les droits individuels face aux politiques de population. Regard sur trois pays africains: Bénin, Madagascar, Maroc. Autrepart, 70(2), 125-142.
  • Grosser, J., Bientzle, M., & Kimmerle, J. (2020). A literature review on the foundations and potentials of digital teaching scenarios for interprofessional health care education. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(10), 3410.
  • Hannaoui, M., Janati-Idrissi, R., Laafou, M., Zerhane, R., & Madrane, M. (2020). Vers une ingénierie de formation dans l'enseignement de l'éducation à la santé reproductive : Identification des besoins éducatifs par la technique de focus groupe. International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies, 29(4), 1096-1104.
  • Hannaoui, M., Madrane, M., El Hassouny, E. H., Janati-Idrissi, R., Zerhane, R., & Grande-Gascón, M. L. (2021). Towards exploring midwifery students' misconceptions of reproductive health education: Case of Sexually transmitted infections. Online, 19(4), 898.
  • Hannaoui, M., Bourkeddi, S., Lamarti, A., Madrane, M., & Sfendla, A. (2021). Health Education and Health Literacy Correlation: The Case of the Factors affecting Breast Cancer Screening.
  • Hannaoui, M. (2021). The Effect Of The Flipped Classroom On Nursing Students’ Learning And Motivation Outcomes In Health Education. Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT), 12(6), 1213-1223.
  • Haresaku, S., Aoki, H., Makino, M., Monji, M., Kansui, A., Kubota, K., ... & Naito, T. (2018). Practices, Attitudes, and Confidence of Nurses in the Performance of Oral Health Checkups for Elderly Patients in a Japanese Hospital. Oral Health & Preventive Dentistry, 16(6), 517-524.
  • Howat, P., Maycock, B., Jackson, L., Lower, T., Cross, D., Collins, J., & van Asselt, K. (2000). Development of competency-based university health promotion courses. Promotion & education, 7(1), 33-38.
  • Jourdan, D. (2004). La formation des acteurs de l’éducation à la santé en milieu scolaire.
  • Kamrani, M. A., & Yahya, S. S. (2016). Bringing X, Y, Z generations together to facilitate school-based sexual and reproductive health education. Global journal of health science, 8(9), 132.
  • Kokotailo, P. K., Baltag, V., & Sawyer, S. M. (2018). Educating and training the future adolescent health workforce. Journal of Adolescent Health, 62(5), 511-524.
  • Lamarre, M. C. (2008). L'Union internationale de promotion de la santé et d'éducation pour la santé : un réseau professionnel mondial. Promotion & Education, 15(1_suppl), 76-79.
  • Leksy, K. (2020). The Significance of the Participatory Approach in Health Promotion and Cancer Prevention. Studia Edukacyjne, (56), 309-321.
  • Les compétences essentielles pour la pratique de sage-femme (ICM), Édition 2019 https://internationalmidwives.org/fr/notre-travail/politique-et-pratique/comp%C3%A9tences-essentielles-pour-la-pratique-du-m%C3%A9tier-de-sage-femme.html
  • Liu, Y., Zhang, Y., Liu, Z., & Wang, J. (2015). Gaps in studies of global health education: an empirical literature review. Global health action, 8(1), 25709.
  • Lundgren, I., Berg, M., & Lindmark, G. (2003). Is the childbirth experience improved by a birth plan? Journal of Midwifery & Women's health, 48(5), 322-328.
  • Mac-Seing, M., & Zarowsky, C. (2017). Une méta-synthèse sur le genre, le handicap et la santé reproductive en Afrique subsaharienne. Santé Publique, 29(6), 909-919.
  • Moradi Khanghahi, B., Jamali, Z., Pournaghi Azar, F., Naghavi Behzad, M., & Azami-Aghdash, S. (2013). Knowledge, Attitude, Practice, and Status of Infection Control among Iranian Dentists and Dental Students: A Systematic Review. Journal of Dental Research, Dental Clinics, Dental Prospects, 7(2), 55–60.
  • Moynihan, S., Paakkari, L., Välimaa, R., Jourdan, D., & Mannix-McNamara, P. (2015). Teacher competencies in health education: Results of a Delphi study. PloS one, 10(12), e0143703.
  • Murphy, M.K., Black, N.A., Lamping, D.L., McKee, C.M., Standerson, C.F.B., Askam, J., 1998. Consensus development methods, and their use in clinical guideline development. Health Technol. Assess. 2.
  • Nekaa, M., & Berger, D. (2018). Les infirmières de l’Éducation nationale en France : une étude mixte sur les pratiques en éducation et promotion de la santé. Recherche en soins infirmiers, (4), 14-29.
  • Nkwabong, E., Meboulou Nguel, R., Kamgaing, N., & Keddi Jippe, A. S. (2018). Knowledge, attitudes and practices of health personnel of maternity in the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in a sub-Saharan African region with high transmission rate: Some solutions proposed. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 18(1), 227. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-018-1876-0/
  • Nor, M. Z. (2019). Developing a preliminary questionnaire for the faculty development programme needs of medical teachers using Delphi technique. Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences, 14(6), 495.
  • Nutbeam, D. (1998). Health promotion glossary. Health promotion international, 13(4), 349-364.
  • Okoli, C., & Pawlowski, S. D. (2004). The Delphi method as a research tool: an example, design considerations and applications. Information & management, 42(1), 15-29.
  • Oldland, E., Botti, M., Hutchinson, A. M., & Redley, B. (2020). A framework of nurses’ responsibilities for quality healthcare—Exploration of content validity. Collegian, 27(2), 150-163.
  • Ouakhzan, B., Chbab, Y., Rouani, A., Chaouch, A., Elouakfaoui, A., & Aouane, E. M. (2023). Simulation in Medical Education: The Case of Morocco. International Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Sciences, IJCBS, 24 (4) (2023):38-42. https://www.iscientific.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/4-IJCBS-23-24-4-4-done.pdf
  • Oulfate, Z. A. I. M., & ALAOUI, M. I. H. (2023). Enseignement des soft skills aux étudiants infirmiers de l’institut supérieur des professions infirmières et techniques de santé Fès-Maroc. Revue Internationale du Chercheur, 4(3).
  • Patton, M. Q. (2005). Qualitative research. Encyclopedia of statistics in behavioral science.
  • Peiró-Pérez, R., Alvarez-Dardet, C., Mas, R., Avino, D., Talavera, M., Torremocha, X., & Fernandez, C. (2012). Mapping the awareness of inequalities in health programs in Spanish communities: moving forward together. Health education research, 27(4), 704-716.
  • Pellegrini, C., Alazali, M., & Meyer, J. B. (2020). L’enseignement supérieur au Maroc; état des lieux et comparaison public/privé (No. 46). Working Paper du Ceped. https://www.ceped.org/IMG/pdf/wp46.pdf
  • Philippon, A. L., Hausfater, P., Triby, E., & Freund, Y. (2019). Développement d’un outil d’évaluation des compétences des étudiants en médecine d’urgence : une étude nationale par la méthode Delphi. Annales françaises de médecine d’urgence, 9(6), 354-361.
  • Pommier, J., Jourdan, D., Berger, D., Vandoorne, C., Piorecka, B., & De Carvalho, G. S. (2010). School health promotion: organization of services and roles of health professionals in seven European countries. European Journal of Public Health, 20(2), 182-188.
  • Pourmarzi, D., & Sharami, S. H. (2017). Midwives’ educational needs and knowledge about sexually transmittable infections in the Islamic Republic of Iran [Besoins éducatifs et connaissances des sages-femmes iraniennes au sujet des infections sexuellement transmissibles en République islamique d. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, 23(9), 611–618. https://doi.org/10.26719/2017.23.9.611
  • Pucher, P. H., Peckham-Cooper, A., Fleming, C., Mohamed, W., Clements, J. M., Nally, D., ...& Mohan, H. M. (2020). Consensus recommendations on balancing educational opportunities and service provision in surgical training: Association of Surgeons in Training Delphi qualitative study. International Journal of Surgery, 84, 207-211.
  • Razouki, A., Ezzahra Tikouk, F., Agorram, B., Selmaoui, S., & Khzami, S. (2017). L’inclusion de l’éducation à la santé en éducation physique et sportive : représentations et contributions des enseignants. European Scientific Journal, ESJ, 13, 26.
  • Saab, O., Berger, D., & El Hage, F. (2012). L’éducation à la santé dans le curriculum libanais des Sciences de la vie : l’impératif d’une réforme vers une approche écologique. Spirale-Revue de recherches en éducation, 50(1), 95-110.
  • Siraj, A. (2022). Les soft skills dans le domaine de la santé au Maroc : perception des professionnels d ’ aujourd’ hui Soft skills in the healthcare services : professional ’ s perception in today ’ s healthcare services Adil SIRAJ Université Ibn Zohr , Laboratoire de Re. La Revue Du LaRSLAM : Praemissas, 6, 1–16. https://revues.imist.ma/index.php/LARSLAM/article/view/34479/17904
  • Tabatabaei, S. H., Owlia, F., Ayatollahi, F., Maybodi, F. R., Ahadian, H., Azizian, F., & Nasiriani, K. (2020). Nurses’ educational needs in the oral health of inpatients at Yazd Province in Iran: a Delphi study. BMC nursing, 19(1), 1-7.
  • Torres‐Alzate, H. M., Wilson, L. L., Harper, D. C., Ivankova, N. V., Heaton, K., & Shirey, M. R. (2020). Essential global health competencies for baccalaureate nursing students in the United States: A mixed methods Delphi study. Journal of advanced nursing, 76(2), 725-740
  • Vargas, M. A. F., Aguilar, C. A., & Jiménez, A. G. (2012). Educación sexual: Orientadores y orientadoras desde el modelo biográfico y profesional. Revista Electrónica Educare, 16, 53-71.
  • Vieira, N., Rasmussen, D. N., Oliveira, I., Gomes, A., Aaby, P., Wejse, C., … Unger, H. W. (2017). Awareness, attitudes and perceptions regarding HIV and PMTCT amongst pregnant women in Guinea-Bissau- a qualitative study. BMC Women’s Health, 17(1), 71. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-017-0427-6
  • World Health Organization. (1999). Frontiers of midwifery care: STDs/HIV/AIDS in Safe Motherhood. Midwifery (Vol. 15). Manila, Philippines. Retrieved from https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/66749
  • Yago-Simón, T., & Tomás-Aznar, C. (2015). Condicionantes de género y embarazo no planificado en adolescentes y mujeres jóvenes. Anales de Psicología/Annals of Psychology, 31(3), 972-978.