Indicated Preventive Interventions for Highrisk Adolescents of Emotional Disordersa Systematic Review
- David Jimenez Vazquez 1
- Luiz Joaquin García López 1
- Manuel Vivas Fernández 1
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1
Universidad de Jaén
info
ISSN: 2340-8340
Año de publicación: 2024
Título del ejemplar: (Mayo 2024)
Volumen: 11
Número: 2
Tipo: Artículo
Otras publicaciones en: Revista de Psicología Clínica con Niños y Adolescentes
Resumen
En la actualidad, los trastornos emocionales como la ansiedad y la depresión son muy prevalentes en la población adolescente, y cada vez es más necesario centrar la atención en el desarrollo de intervenciones preventivas que reviertan esta situación, especialmente entre los jóvenes de alto riesgo. En este sentido, el objetivo de este estudio fue analizar, mediante una revisión sistemática, el alcance de los efectos de las intervenciones de prevención indicada para la ansiedad y la depresión en adolescentes (entre 12 y 18 años), así como sus características metodológicas. Se utilizaron diversas bases de datos internacionales, siendo PsycINFO, PubMed y Medline las elegidas. Después de aplicar los criterios de elegibilidad, se incluyeron 12 estudios para su revisión. Los resultados revelaron que todos los programas de prevención indicada de problemas emocionales analizados se centraron en la prevención de la depresión y cuentan con características variadas en cuanto al número de integrantes de las intervenciones grupales, el número de sesiones o frecuencia de éstas. Si bien, la mayoría de los programas utilizaron técnicas de Terapia Cognitivo-Conductual, logrando reducir la sintomatología depresiva y la progresión a trastornos, con resultados mantenidos en algunos casos hasta por dos años, en contraste con la investigación basada en la Terapia Interpersonal, que solo se mantuvo durante seis meses. En conclusión, los programas de prevención indicada para la depresión son efectivos en la reducción de la progresión hacia un trastorno depresivo. Se requieren más investigaciones en esta área para determinar si la Terapia Cognitivo-Conductual podría generar mejores resultados que otros enfoques.
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