Fact or fictionAn experiment on how information sources and message framing influence vaccine risk perception

  1. Catalán-Matamoros, Daniel 1
  2. Prada, Enrique 2
  3. Langbecker, Andrea 1
  1. 1 Universidad Carlos III de Madrid
    info

    Universidad Carlos III de Madrid

    Madrid, España

    ROR https://ror.org/03ths8210

  2. 2 Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
    info

    Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona

    Barcelona, España

    ROR https://ror.org/052g8jq94

Revista:
El profesional de la información

ISSN: 1386-6710,  1699-2407

Año de publicación: 2023

Título del ejemplar: Disinformation and online media

Volumen: 32

Número: 5

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.3145/EPI.2023.SEP.10 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAcceso abierto editor

Otras publicaciones en: El profesional de la información

Resumen

El aumento de la desinformación sobre vacunas en las redes sociales desde el comienzo de la pandemia Covid-19 ha hecho especialmente necesario desarrollar estrategias de comunicación efectivas que promuevan la vacunación. Hemos realizado un experimento mediante una encuesta para analizar en qué tipos de fuentes de información confía más la población respecto a los riesgos de la vacuna de refuerzo Covid-19, y qué encuadres de mensajes son más efectivos para influir en la percepción de los riesgos de la vacuna infantil. Encuestamos a una muestra representativa de 1.800 residentes en España en junio de 2022. Las dos variables dependientes fueron la percepción de los encuestados sobre (1) la eficacia de la vacuna de refuerzo Covid-19 y (2) la seguridad de la vacuna Covid-19 para los niños. Los participantes fueron expuestos aleatoriamente a diferentes mensajes relativos a estas vacunas, con diferentes fuentes de información, y diferentes encuadres del mensaje. Además, algunos encuestados no recibieron ningún mensaje para formar el grupo control. Nuestros resultados sugieren que diferentes fuentes y encuadres pueden influir en la percepción del riesgo de las vacunas. La fuente “médicos” tuvo un efecto positivo en la percepción de riesgo de la vacuna de refuerzo Covid-19 (p < 0,05), y los mensajes a favor de las vacunas, tanto en forma de encuadres narrativos como de exposición científica, tuvieron un efecto positivo en la percepción de riesgo de los encuestados de la vacuna infantil (p < 0,1 y p < 0,05, respectivamente). Los hombres y los encuestados de más edad valoraron las vacunas de refuerzo como más eficaces que las mujeres y los más jóvenes. Los encuestados con una ideología de derechas consideran que las vacunas infantiles son menos seguras. Estos resultados apoyan una comunicación estratégica en las campañas de vacunación por parte de los servicios de salud. Se presentan implicaciones prácticas y teóricas.

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