Differences in psychological symptoms in pregnancy and postpartum before and during COVID-19a cross-sectional study

  1. Blanca Riquelme-Gallego 1
  2. Sergio Martínez-Vázquez
  3. Carmen Amezcua-Prieto 2
  4. Juan Miguel Martínez-Galiano 3
  5. Borja Romero-González
  6. María I Peralta-Ramírez
  7. Ester Leno-Durán
  8. Rafael A Caparrós-González 4
  1. 1 Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud de Ceuta
  2. 2 Universidad de Granada Departamento de Medicina Preventiva
  3. 3 Instituto de Salud Carlos III CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública
  4. 4 Universidad de Granada Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Departamento de Enfermería
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Revista:
Clínica y salud: Investigación Empírica en Psicología

ISSN: 1130-5274

Año de publicación: 2023

Volumen: 34

Número: 2

Páginas: 85-90

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.5093/CLYSA2023A20 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR

Otras publicaciones en: Clínica y salud: Investigación Empírica en Psicología

Resumen

RESUMEN Justificación: Las mujeres embarazadas son especialmente vulnerables a los problemas de salud mental, como el estrés, la ansiedad y la depresión. Este riesgo se ha incrementado durante la pandemia de COVID-19, habiendo diferencias en los síntomas psicológicos en el embarazo y el puerperio antes y después de la pandemia. Los problemas de salud mental pueden tener efectos perjudiciales tanto en la mujer como en el recién nacido, como abortos espontáneos, partos prematuros, bajo peso al nacer y tasas más altas de cesáreas y partos asistidos. Objetivo: Evaluar la prevalencia de síntomas psicológicos de gestantes antes y durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Método: Se realizó un estudio transversal para evaluar el perfil psicológico en una muestra de mujeres embarazadas seleccionadas antes de la pandemia y una muestra de mujeres estudiadas durante la primera ola de la pandemia. Se seleccionó un total de 122 mujeres antes de la pandemia y 181 mujeres durante el brote de COVID-19. Se utilizó la Inventario de Verificación de Síntomas-90 Revisada (SCL-90-R) para evaluar la depresión y la ansiedad durante el embarazo y el puerperio. Resultados: La prevalencia de síntomas de depresión y ansiedad durante el embarazo fue mayor en la muestra de mujeres estudiadas durante la pandemia (SCL-90-R: M = 54.6 vs. 42.6 y M = 62.6 vs. 51.7 respectivamente). En el postparto la diferencia entre ambas muestras de mujeres fue aún mayor para depresión y ansiedad (SCL-90-R: M = 50.4 vs. 35.0 y M = 51.3 vs. 36.0 respectivamente). Ser mujer embarazada en el brote de COVID-19 se asoció directamente con una mayor puntuación de síntomas de depresión (aOR = 8.67, IC 95% [3.26, 23.02, p < .001). Las mujeres manifestaron ansiedad durante el parto con mayor frecuencia antes de la pandemia (aOR = 5.13, IC 95% 2.53, 10.44], p < .001). La variable estadio (antes/durante la pandemia) también se asoció con tener una puntuación clínica SCL-90-R superior a 70 (aOR = 7.61, IC 95% [2.7, 21.47], p < .001). Conclusión: Durante la pandemia, el embarazo y el postparto se asociaron con la presencia de ansiedad y depresión. El principal factor asociado a la depresión posparto fue la edad materna. Estos hallazgos resaltan la vulnerabilidad de las mujeres embarazadas ante la pandemia, en la que la salud psicológica y el bienestar mental se ven afectados, no solo durante el embarazo, sino también en el posparto.

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Fuente de los datos: Dialnet