Self-concept and self-esteem, determinants of greater life satisfaction in mountain and climbing technicians and athletes

  1. Laura Martín-Talavera
  2. Óscar Gavín-Chocano 1
  3. Guillermo Sanz-Junoy
  4. David Molero 1
  1. 1 Universidad de Jaén
    info

    Universidad de Jaén

    Jaén, España

    ROR https://ror.org/0122p5f64

Revista:
EJIHPE: European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education

ISSN: 2174-8144,  2254-9625

Año de publicación: 2023

Volumen: 13

Número: 7

Páginas: 1188-1201

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.3390/EJIHPE13070088 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openDialnet editor

Otras publicaciones en: EJIHPE: European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education

Resumen

In recent decades, the exponential growth that sports practice in mountain and climbing disciplines have experienced has led to trying to find an explanation for the predisposition of those socio-emotional factors of these athletes that are considered in the search for sensations and the achievement of greater satisfaction with life. In this study, 4818 people with a sports license in the Spanish Federation of Mountain and Climbing Sports (FEDME) participated; 67.1% were men and 32.9% women. The mean age of the participants was 49.42 years (±11.9), between a range of 18 to 76 years. The following instruments were used: the Self-concept scale (AF5), the Rosenberg Self-esteem Questionnaire and the Life satisfaction scale (SWLS). The objective of this research was to study the enhancing effect of self-esteem between self-concept (physical, emotional and social) and life satisfaction. A reflective model of structural equations (PLS-SEM) was applied based on the proposed theoretical framework from an explanatory–predictive perspective. The results show the self-esteem determination coefficients [(Q2 = 0.141); (R 2 = 0.302)] and life satisfaction [(Q2 = 0.243); (R 2 = 0.342)] in the estimation of the model, indicating an adequate fit. Mountaineering and climbing sports can be very rewarding, but they can also be challenging and frustrating. Having a good self-concept and good self-esteem allows the athlete to enjoy achieving greater life satisfaction.

€ Ver financiación

Información de financiación

Financiadores

  • research group Curricular Research & Didactics of Experimental Sciences
  • University of Jaén
    • PIMED-12-2022-24

Referencias bibliográficas

  • ALLEA. The European Code of Conduct for Research Integrity. All European Academies, Berlín. 2017.
  • Añez, E.; Fornieles-Deu, A.; Fauquet-Ars, J.; López-Guimerà, G.; Puntí-Vidal, J.; Sánchez-Carracedo, D. Body image dissatisfaction, physical activity and screen-time in Spanish adolescents. J. Health Psychol. 2018, 23, 36–47.
  • Aquino-Llinares, N.; Gavala-González, J. Psychological well-being and perceived life satisfaction, physical activity and sport and people mature adult and the elderly. Sociol. Deporte 2020, 1, 49–59.
  • Arslan, G. Mediating role of the self–esteem and resilience in the association between social exclusion and life satisfaction among adolescents. Personal. Individ. Differ. 2019, 151, 109514.
  • Atienza, F.L.; Moreno, Y.; Balaguer, I. Análisis de la dimensionalidad de la Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg en una muestra de adolescentes valencianos. Rev. Psicol. Univ. Tarracon. 2000, 12, 29–42.
  • Babic, M.J.; Morgan, P.J.; Plotnikoff, R.C.; Lonsdale, C.; White, R.L.; Lubans, D.R. Physical activity and physical self-concept in youth: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Sport. Med. 2014, 44, 1589–1601.
  • Bahaeloo-Horeh, S.; Assari, S. Students experience self-esteem improvement during mountaineering. Wilderness Environ. Med. 2008, 19, 181–185.
  • Barnett, L.; Salmon, J.; Timperio, A.; Lubans, D.; Ridgers, N. What is the contribution of motor skill, fitness, and physical activity to children’s self-perceptions of motor competence? J. Sci. Med. Sport 2017, 20, e76.
  • Becker, J.M.; Ringleb, C.M.; Sarstedtc, M. Estimating moderating effects in PLS-SEM and PLSc-SEM: Interaction term generation data treatment. J. Appl. Struct. Equ. Model. 2018, 2, 1–21.
  • Bojanic, Z.; Nedeljkovic, J.; Sakan, D.; Mitic, P.M.; Milova Novic, I.; Drid, P. Personality traits and self-esteem in combat and team sports. Front. Psychol. 2019, 10, 2280.
  • Brymer, E.; Schweitzer, R.D. Evoking the Ineffable: The Phenomenology of Extreme Sports. Psychol. Conscious. Theory Res. Pract. 2016, 4, 63.
  • Butkovic, A.; Tomas, J.; Spanic, A.M.; Vukasovic Hlupic, T.; Bratko, D. Emerging adults versus middle-aged adults: Do they differ in psychological needs, selfesteem, and life satisfaction. J. Happiness Stud. 2020, 21, 779–798.
  • Chin, W.W. Issues and opinion on structural equation modeling. MIS Q. 1998, 22, 7–16.
  • Chin, W.W. The partial least squares approach to structural equation modeling. In Modern Methods for Business Research; Marcoulides, G.A., Ed.; Psychology Press: New York, NY, USA, 2013.
  • De la Torre-Cruz, M.J.; López-Serrano, S.; Ruiz-Ariza, A.; Martínez-López, E.J. Perceived parental support toward physical activity positively predicts physical self-concept in young adolescents. Educ. Psychol. 2019, 39, 941–959.
  • Diener, E.; Emmons, R.; Larsen, R.J.; Griffin, S. The Satisfaction with Life Scale. J. Personal. Assess. 1985, 49, 71–75.
  • Extremera, N.; Fernández-Berrocal, P. Inteligencia Emocional y Educación; Editorial Grupo 5: Barcelona, Spain, 2015.
  • Fielding, K.; Pearce, P.L.; Hughes, K. Climbing Ayers Rock: Relating motivation, time perception and enjoyment. J. Tour. Stud. 1992, 3, 49–57.
  • Fornell, C.; Larcker, D.F. Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. J. Mark. Res. 1981, 18, 39–50.
  • Frochot, I.; Elliot, S.; Kreziak, D. Digging deep into the experience—Flow and immersion patterns in a mountain holiday. Int. J. Cult. Tour. Hosp. Res. 2017, 11, 81–91.
  • García, F.; Musitu, G. AF5: Autoconcepto Forma 5; TEA Ediciones: Madrid, Spain, 1999.
  • Gavín-Chocano, Ó.; Martín-Talavera, L.; Sanz-Junoy, G.; Molero, D. Emotional Intelligence and Resilience: Predictors of Life Satisfaction among Mountain Trainers. Sustainability 2023, 15, 4991.
  • Glotova, G.; Wilhelm, A. Teacher’s self-concept and self-esteem in pedagogical communication. Procedia-Soc. Behav. Sci. 2014, 132, 509–514.
  • Goltz, H.; Brown, T. Relationship between children’s physical self-concepts, activity preferences, and occupational participation. J. Occup. Ther. Sch. Early Interv. 2014, 7, 260–271.
  • Goñi, E.; Fernández, A. El autoconcepto. In El Autoconcepto Físico: Psicología y Educación; Goñi, A., Ed.; Pirámide: Madrid, Spain, 2008; pp. 23–58.
  • Granero-Gallegos, A.; Gómez-López, M.; Rodríguez-Suárez, N.; Abraldes, J.A.; Alesi, M.; Bianco, A. Importance of the Motivational Climate in Goal, Enjoyment, and the Causes of Success in Handball Players. Front. Psychol. 2017, 8, 2081.
  • Hair, J.F.; Sarstedt, M.; Ringle, C.M.; Gudergan, S.P.; Castillo-Apraiz, J.; Cepeda-Carrión, G.A.; Roldán, J.L. Manual Avanzado de Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM); Omnia Science Scholar: Barcelona, Spain, 2021.
  • Harris, M.A.; Orth, U. The link between self-esteem and social relationships: A meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. J. Personal. Soc. Psychol. 2020, 119, 1459–1477.
  • Hawi, N.S.; Samaha, M. The relations among social media addiction, self-esteem, and life satisfaction in university students. Soc. Sci. Comput. Rev. 2017, 35, 576–586.
  • Henseler, J. Bridging design and behavioral research with variance-based structural equation modeling. J. Advert. 2017, 46, 178–192.
  • Henseler, J.; Ringle, C.M.; Sarstedt, M. A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. J. Acad. Mark. Sci. 2015, 43, 115–135.
  • Henseler, J.; Ringle, C.M.; Sinkovics, R.R. The use of partial least squares path modeling in international marketing. In Advances in International Marketing; Sinkovics, R.R., Ghauri, P.N., Eds.; Emerald: Bingley, UK, 2009; Volume 20, pp. 277–320.
  • Jodra, P.; Maté-Muñoz, J.L.; Domínguez, R. Perception of health, self-esteem and physical self-concept in elderly persons based on their physical activity. Rev. Psicol. Deporte 2019, 28, 127–134.
  • Kline, R. Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling; Guilford Press: New York, NY, USA, 2015.
  • Lau, C.; Chiesi, F.; Hofmann, J.; Ruch, W.; Saklofske, D.H. Cheerfulness and life satisfaction mediated by self-esteem and behavioral activation: A serial mediation model. Personal. Individ. Differ. 2020, 166, 110175.
  • Lemoyne, J.; Valois, P.; Guay, F. Physical self-concept and participation in physical activity in college students. Med. Sci. Sport. Exerc. 2015, 47, 142–150.
  • Liechty, T.; Sveinson, K.; Willfong, F.; Evans, K. ‘It Doesn’t Matter How Big or Small You Are. There’s a Position for You’: Body Image Among Female Tackle Football Players. Leis. Sci. 2015, 37, 109–124.
  • López-Gómez, I.; Chaves, C.; Vázquez, C. Life satisfaction. In The Wiley Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences. Personality Processes and Individual Differences; Carducci, B.J., Nave, C.S., Eds.; Wiley: Hoboken, NJ, USA, 2020; Volume 3, pp. 275–280.
  • Lorenzo-Seva, U.; Van Ginkel, J.R. Imputación múltiple de valores perdidos en el análisis factorial exploratorio de escalas multidimensionales: Estimación de las puntuaciones de rasgos latentes. Ann. Psychol. 2016, 32, 596–608.
  • MacKenzie, R.; Monaghan, L.; Masson, R.A.; Werner, A.K.; Caprez, T.S.; Johnston, L.; Kemi, O.J. Physical and Physiological Determinants of Rock Climbing. Int. J. Sport. Physiol. Perform. 2020, 15, 168–179.
  • Martínez-Ávila, M.; Fierro-Moreno, E. Application of the PLS-SEM technique in Knowledge Management: A practical technical approach. RIDE Rev. Iberoam. Para Investig. Desarro. Educ. 2018, 8, 130–164.
  • Merino-Prados, H.; Molero, D.; Gavín-Chocano, Ó. Emotional intelligence, resilience, and life satisfaction in sport refereeing. Retos 2023, 48, 749–760.
  • Mosquera, A.L.; Leal, J.C.; Montoya, J.N. El bienestar como práctica de alto rendimiento en la Organización. Una mirada desde el modelo de Ryff. Adgnosis 2021, 10, 83–101.
  • Niedermeier, M.; Kogler, C.; Frühauf, A.; Kopp, M. Psychological Variables Related to Developmental Changes during Adolescence-A Comparison between Alpine and Non-Alpine Sport Participants. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 7879.
  • Oktan, V.; ¸Sahin, M. Examination of the relationship between the body image and self-esteem of female adolescents. J. Hum. Sci. 2010, 7, 543–556.
  • Ortuondo, J.; Hortigüela-Alcalá, D.; Bidaurrazaga-Letona, I.; Zulaika, L.M. Effects of a cooperative learning based intervention on the physical self-concept of pre-service Physical Education. Retos 2022, 44, 827–836.
  • Papadopoulos, C.; Lodder, A.; Constantinou, G.; Randhawa, G. Systematic Review of the Relationship Between Autism Stigma and Informal Caregiver Mental Health. J. Autism Dev. Disord. 2019, 49, 1665–1685.
  • Papadopoulos, N.; Stavropoulos, V.; McGinley, J.; Bellgrove, M.; Tonge, B.; Murphy, A.; Cornish, K.; Rinehart, N. Moderating Effect of Motor Proficiency on the Relationship Between ADHD Symptoms and Sleep Problems in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder-Combined Type. Behav. Sleep Med. 2019, 17, 646–656.
  • Pehlivan, S. Examination of the Relationship between High School Students’ Social Adaptation Skills and Self-Esteem. Master’s Thesis, Haliç University, ˙Istanbul, Turkey, 2017.
  • Platow, M.J.; Mavor, K.I.; Grace, D.M. On the role of discipline-related self-concept in Deep and Surface approaches to learning among university students. Instr. Sci. 2013, 41, 271–285.
  • Ramírez-Asis, E.H.; Espinoza-Maguiña, M.R.; Esquivel-Infantes, S.M.; Naranjo-Toro, M.E. Inteligencia emocional, competencias y desempeño del docente universitario: Aplicando la técnica mínimos cuadrados parciales SEM-PLS. Rev. Electrónica Interuniv. Form. Profr. 2020, 23, 1–16.
  • Ramos-Cabal, H.; Salguero, A.; González-Diñeiro, A.; Molinero-González, O.; Márquez-Rosa, S. Adaptation for Mountain Sports (PCSP-M) of the Spanish Version of the Questionnaire “Psychological Characteristics related to Sports Performance” (PCSP). Rev. Iberoam. Diagn. Eval. Aval. Psicol. 2017, 47, 185–196.
  • Rangel, Y.S.; Mayorga, D.; Peinado, J.E.; Barrón, J.C. Actividad física, autoconcepto físico y bienestar psicológico en mujeres universitarias mexicanas. Rev. Psicol. Deporte 2017, 26, 61–69.
  • Rodríguez-Fernández, A.; González-Fernández, O.; Goni-Grandmontagne, A. Sources of perceived sociocultural pressure on physical self-concept. Psicothema 2013, 25, 192–198.
  • Rosenberg, M. Society and the Adolescent Self-Image; Princeton University Press: Princeton, NJ, USA, 1965.
  • Rubeli, B.; Oswald, E.; Conzelmann, A.; Schmidt, M. Predicting global self-esteem in early adolescence: The importance of individual and gender-specific importance of perceived sports competence. Sport Exerc. Perform. Psychol. 2020, 9, 519–531.
  • Ruiz-González, P.; Medina-Mesa, Y.; Zayas, A.; Gómez-Molinero, R. Relación entre la autoestima y la satisfacción con la vida en una muestra de estudiantes universitarios. Rev. INFAD Psicol. 2018, 2, 67–76.
  • Ryff, C.; Singer, B. From social structure to biology. In Handbook of Positive Psychology; Snyder, C., López, A., Eds.; Oxford University Press: Oxford, UK, 2002; pp. 63–73.
  • Schebella, M.F.; Weber, D.; Schultz, L.; Weinstein, P. The Wellbeing Benefits Associated with Perceived and Measured Biodiversity in Australian Urban Green Spaces. Sustainability 2019, 11, 802.
  • Serpa dos Santos, J.C.; Castillo, E.; Gama de Araujo, A.P.; Giménez, F.J. Relación entre actividad física, composición corporal e imagen corporal en estudiantes universitarios. SPORT TK-Rev. Euroam. Cienc. Deporte 2017, 6, 39–48.
  • Seshadri, R.; Srinivasan, R.; Kumar, V. An exploratory study to understand and examine the nature and type of relationship between self-esteem, life satisfaction and adjustment among male and female migrant students. Indian J. Ment. Health 2020, 7, 105–111.
  • Sicilia, Á.; Sáenz-Álvarez, P.; González-Cutre, D.; Ferriz, R. Social Physique Anxiety and Intention to Be Physically Active: A Self-Determination Theory Approach. Res. Q. Exerc. Sport 2016, 87, 354–364.
  • Valdés-Badilla, P.; Guzmán-Muñoz, E.; Ramírez-Campillo, R.; Godoy-Cumillaf, A.; Concha-Cisternas, Y.; Ortega-Spuler, J. Changes in anthropometric parameters and physical fitness in older adults after participating in a 16-weeks physical activity program. Rev. Fac. Med. 2020, 68, 375–382.
  • Valladares, F. More biodiversity to improve our health: The benefits to human well-being of favouring functional and diverse ecosystems. Metode Sci. Stud. J. 2022, 13, 111–117.
  • Vázquez, C.; Duque, A.; Hervás, G. Satisfaction with life scale in a representative sample of Spanish adults: Validation and normative data. Span. J. Psychol. 2013, 16, E82.
  • Vedul-Kjelsås, V.; Sigmundsson, H.; Stensdotter, A.K.; Haga, M. The relationship between motor competence, physical fitness and self-perception in children. Child Care Health Dev. 2012, 38, 394–402.
  • Veenhoven, R. Developments in satisfaction research. Soc. Indic. Res. 1995, 37, 1–46.
  • WMA. Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical Principles for Medical Research on Human Beings. In Proceedings of the 64th General Assembly, Fortaleza, Brazil, 27 October 2013.
  • Yildirim, G.; Atilla, G. The effect of selfefficacy on mindfulness and self-esteem. Eski¸sehir Osman. Univ. J. Soc. Sci. 2020, 21, 59–84.
  • Yook, Y.; Kang, S.; Park, I. Effects of physical activity intervention combining a new sport and mindfulness yoga on psychological characteristics in adolescents. Int. J. Sport Exerc. Psychol. 2017, 15, 109–117.
  • Zhao, L.; Zhang, X.; Ran, G. Positive coping style as a mediator between older adults’ self-esteem and loneliness. Soc. Behav. Personal. Int. J. 2017, 45, 1619–1628.
  • Zurita-Ortega, F.; Ubago-Jiménez, J.L.; Puertas-Molero, P.; González-Valero, G.; Castro-Sánchez, M.; Chacón-Cuberos, R. Physical activity levels of Primary Education students in Granada (Spain). Retos 2018, 34, 218–221.
Fuente de los datos: Dialnet