Evaluación y seguimiento de la carga interna y externa para la monitorización de la fatiga durante la pretemporada en deportistas de élite de deportes colectivos indoor

Abstract

The monitoring of workloads in team sports is one of the fundamental research pillars for optimizing the performance of athletes, seeking to maximize positive adaptations while minimizing the risk of suffering injuries resulting from fatigue. Currently, the increase in the number of competitions and the consequent number of official matches promotes a significant increase in the volume and intensity of workload required of athletes. This fact limits the ability to recover between competitions, increasing the probability of suffering injuries due to non-functional overload and illnesses, with fatigue as the main trigger. Although the control of workloads has been widely developed in team sports practiced outdoors, the analysis and monitoring of workloads in team indoor sports such as futsal has not experienced a significant boom until a couple of years ago, made possible by a technological development in electronic tracking systems. Consequently, the scientific literature on how and with what variables to identify episodes of fatigue in the short, medium and long term is still scarce in this regard. To answer this problem, this Doctoral Thesis has been designed based on four interrelated studies. The main objective of Study I is to systematically, objectively and rigorously analyze and understand the state of the art regarding internal and external workload monitoring variables used to identify episodes of fatigue in indoor team sports. The second of the studies, Study II, aims to analyze the reliability and validity of linear transducers (LT), devices that will be used in the practical research study of the thesis (Study IV), in different situations. and execution protocols. On the other hand, since the linear transducer used in the practical research work of the thesis (Study IV) was of recent appearance, the objective of Study III is to evaluate the reliability and the level of concordance of the ADR transducer to measure the speed medium propulsive velocity (MPV) with respect to a T-Force linear velocity transducer, considered as a “gold standard” device. Finally, study IV aims to determine which of the neuromuscular status (NMS) monitoring tests (countermovement jump (CMJ) or additional load back squat) is the most sensitive and effective for assessing the state of fatigue in players. of elite-level futsal during the preseason, in order to optimize the resources of time and money used in the control of athletes' fatigue. Study I, Study II and Study III were published in high-impact scientific journals, indexed in the JCR (Journal Citation Reports) list.