Capacidad antioxidante del organismo frente al ejercicio físico y su modificación mediante ayudas ergogénicas

Abstract

Introduction Physical exercise provokes both inflammatory reactions and the production of free radicals and, consequently, muscle damage (Ochoa et al., 2011). However, there is a great deal of scientific evidence that enumerates the advantages of exercise for the organism if it is carried out in a controlled, planned and individually adapted manner. To recover from inflammation and tissue damage caused by physical exercise, we could resort to the use of nutritional supplements with antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties (García et al., 2015). An immunomodulator is a substance that alters the immune response, increasing or decreasing the capacity of the immune system to produce specific serum antibodies. Objective The general objective of this doctoral thesis is to determine the antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects of certain oral substances on muscle damage and oxidative stress produced by physical exercise. Specifically, the effects of these substances in combination with muscle strength training with functional electromechanical dynamometry (FEMD) were investigated. From this objective, two specific objectives arose: the first was to determine the concentration of oxidative stress in the blood before and after the programmed training, and the second was to determine the concentration of muscle damage with this same training. Methodology E-1: systematic review; E-2 and E-3 cross-sectional descriptive studies. For the E-2 study, 5 healthy men voluntarily participated and, after a two-week Coenzyme Q10 supplementation, the blood markers of: Cortisol, LDH and CK, LDH, IL-6, IL-10, TNF- α and PCR, while performing programmed muscle strength training using functional electromechanical dynamometry (FEM). For the E-3 study, 30 athletes will be selected who will participate voluntarily through a supplementation of Phlebodium Decumanum or Maqui, performing a programmed muscle strength training through the same functional electromechanical dynamometry machine (FEM). On this occasion, the blood variables will be measured: Lactate, LDH, Creatinine, Uric Acid and C-reactive Protein. Results Participants showed favourable adaptive changes on endocrine-metabolic and immunological profile manifested by a significant decrease in the concentration of the blood markers that were analysed compared to the markers prior to the physical intervention and protocolised supplementation. Conclusion The substances used for oral supplementation, such as Coenzyme Q10 and Phlebodium Decumanum or Maqui, had protective effects on tissue damage, as well as reducing oxidative stress and muscle damage. These properties are attributed to substances with antioxidant power, which would also be beneficial in delaying fatigue and improving sports performance, including a reduction in the risk of injury associated with high-intensity physical exercise.