Estudio y caracterización de cargas no lineales

Résumé

As a continuation of the work done by the QSE (Electrical Supply Quality) research group at the UPC (Polytechnic University of Catalonia) on non-linear load modelling to determine harmonic distortion in electrical power systems, this thesis consists of the carrying out of a series of studies of the most usual non-linear loads in the said systems (single-phase and three-phase rectifiers with capacitive filter, three-phase 6-pulse rectifiers and discharge lamps), basically aiming to characterize their behaviour and assess their influence on electrical power systems. The thesis was prepared in cooperation with the GNOM (Group of Numerical Optimization and Modelling) research group at the UPC in order to be able to analyse the numerical problem raised by the system of non-linear equations which characterizes each of the non-linear loads, as well as being able to approach optimization issues with some certainty of success. In summary, the aims of this thesis are as follows: -To analyse modelling of the most usual four non-linear loads in electrical power systems in order to incorporate the invariant concept in a justified way and establish ranges of values for the said invariants depending on their usual operating conditions. -To exploit the possibilities offered by invariants and, on the basis of the ranges of values obtained for each of them, to proceed to characterize the deterministic behaviour of the non-linear loads which are the object of the study and also to analyse the phenomena of harmonic cancellation and interaction. -To describe and study experimentally, also on the basis of invariants, the fundamental and harmonic currents (magnitude and angle) consumed by the non-linear loads considered in this thesis, whether by obtaining experimental models (databases) validated both experimentally and numerically, by validating the studied analytical models experimentally or by fitting the parameters of any of the previous models (parameter estimation) on the basis of experimental acquisitions. -To study the neutral conductor current in three-phase systems to which single-phase non-linear loads are connected (in particular, single-phase rectifiers with capacitive filter), by using invariants and validating the results of this experimentally.