Revisión de intervenciones de actividad física para la mejora de las funciones ejecutivas y el rendimiento académico en preescolar

  1. Rosario Padial-Ruz
  2. María Cristina Rejón Utrabo
  3. Fátima Chacón Borrego
  4. Gabriel González Valero
Revista:
Apunts: Educación física y deportes

ISSN: 2014-0983

Año de publicación: 2022

Número: 149

Páginas: 22-35

Tipo: Artículo

Otras publicaciones en: Apunts: Educación física y deportes

Resumen

Investigaciones recientes han demostrado que la práctica continuada de actividad física (AF) aporta beneficios sobre el rendimiento académico en alumnado de diferentes etapas, siendo la etapa de preescolar la menos estudiada. El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar y sintetizar la relación existente entre la práctica de AF y la mejora de las funciones ejecutivas y el rendimiento académico en preescolar, dando una visión general del estado actual de la cuestión. Para ello, se realizó una revisión sistemática, centrada en la identificación de las características generales y la eficacia de los programas de intervención llevados a cabo en este contexto educativo. Para el desarrollo de la misma, se realizó una búsqueda de literatura científica en las bases de datos Web of Science (WOS), Scopus y Proquest. Se utilizaron simultáneamente como términos claves “physical activity”, “academic achievement” y “preschool”, y como operadores booleanos “and” y “or”, y se fijó una muestra válida para este estudio de un total de 18 artículos científicos para la síntesis cualitativa. Los resultados del estudio indican que existe una asociación positiva al integrar la AF en el aula y la mejora de las funciones ejecutivas y los resultados académicos, independientemente del contenido curricular trabajado y del tipo de AF que se utilice. Así, integrar la AF en el aula (como clases físicamente activas o descansos activos), puede ser una importante estrategia para mejorar la alfabetización temprana y el aprendizaje de los contenidos curriculares, al mismo tiempo que se consiguen niveles de AF cercanos a los recomendados diariamente

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