Estudio farmacocinético de formulaciones poliméricas de liberación controlada para enrofloxacino en ovino.

Resumen

OBJECTIVE. To study the pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin and its metabolite, ciprofloxacin, were studied following intravenous and subcutaneous administration of single doses of 5 mg/kg to healthy sheeps, and as a long-acting poloxamer 407 gel formulation and poloxamer 407 + carboxymethylcellulose. METHODS: Plasma concentrations were determined by HPLC assay with fluorescence detection following the method described by Siefert et al. (1999). The fitting to compartmental and non compartimental pharmacokinetic methods was carried out by using WinNonlin Professional¿ computers programmes. The Akaike's information criterion (AIC) (Yamaoka et al., 1978) was used to select the best equation that defines plasma concentration-time data for each animal. RESULTS: The enrofloxacin plasma concentration versus time data after intravenous and extravascular administrations could best be described by a two compartment open model.The enrofloxacin terminal half-life (t¿ z) was 8,11hh after intravenous administration, with a mean residence time (MRT) of 5,41 h. The apparent volumes of distribution calculated by the area method (Vz) and at steady-state (Vss) were 0,89 and 2,01 L/kg, respectively, indicating a wide body distribution. Total body clearance was 0,16 L/kg·h. The ciprofloxacin terminal half-life (t¿ z) was 6,83 h after intravenous administration, with a mean residence time (MRT) of 6,36 h. After extravascular administrations, terminal half-lives were 13,00, 34,80 and 38,66 h for enrofloxacin administration subcutaneously without poloxamer, with long-acting poloxamer 407 gel formulation and with poloxamer 407 + carboxymethylcellulose, respectively. MRT values obtained were 4,08, 7,58 and 7,16 h respectively. Terminal half-lives were 10,62, 7,15 and 20,61 h for ciprofloxacin metabolite, after enrofloxacin extravascular administrations, subcutaneously without poloxamer, with long-acting poloxamer 407 gel formulation and with poloxamer 407 + carboxymethylcellulose respectively. MRT values obtained were 11,90, 16,78 and 21,39 h respectively. Absolute bioavailability was104,72 % after enrofloxacin subcutaneous administration. Similar values were obtained, 82, 01 % and y 84,01 %, after enrofloxacin administration subcutaneously with long-acting poloxamer 407 gel formulation and with poloxamer 407 + carboxymethylcellulose, respectively. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) assays of enrofloxacin against different strains of Staphylococcus aureus were performed in order to compute pharmacodynamic surrogate markers. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded from this study that a dosing régimen of 15 mg/kg could be effective by subcutaneous route with polymer P407 (25%) with or without carboximetylcelulose (2%) in sheep against Staphylococcus aureus isolates with MICs 0,5 µg/mL.