Cuando la pérdida duelebases biológicas de la frustración

  1. Torres Bares, Carmen
  2. Morillo-Rivero, Loida
  3. Papini, Mauricio
Revista:
Revista interamericana de psicología = Interamerican journal of psychology

ISSN: 0034-9690

Año de publicación: 2021

Volumen: 55

Número: 2

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.30849/RIPIJP.V55I2.1443 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAcceso abierto editor

Otras publicaciones en: Revista interamericana de psicología = Interamerican journal of psychology

Resumen

La frustración o dolor psicológico es una experiencia emocional negativa que se relaciona con situaciones inesperadas de pérdida de incentivos. Aunque el estudio científico de la frustración ofrece abundantes datos procedentes de la investigación con animales no humanos, el conocimiento de la frustración humana es más fragmentario debido a la variedad de enfoques conceptuales, teóricos y experimentales con los que se ha abordado su análisis. El objetivo general de este trabajo es realizar una revisión narrativa de la literatura científica acerca de este constructo psicológico, ofreciendo una visión integrada de la investigación experimental animal y humana. Este objetivo general se desglosa en los siguientes objetivos específicos. En primer lugar, se describe el contraste sucesivo negativo consumatorio, un procedimiento experimental cuya amplia base empírica permite su conceptualización como modelo animal de dolor psicológico. Seguidamente se realiza una búsqueda sistemática de publicaciones dirigidas a inducir frustración en humanos, describiendo, a través de la revisión de estudios experimentales, procedimientos frecuentemente utilizados y los resultados obtenidos. Finalmente, se seleccionan trabajos que relacionan, en seres humanos, la frustración o el dolor psicológico con el dolor físico, un ámbito de la investigación donde la inducción de frustración a través del rechazo social tiene una especial relevancia. El trabajo finaliza con una discusión crítica de los hallazgos revisados y de sus implicaciones, haciendo especial referencia a la actual pandemia generada por la COVID-19, una experiencia global de pérdida con consecuencias psicológicas relevantes.

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