Impulsividad en mujeres con Bulimia Nerviosa

  1. Moreno, Silvia
  2. Ortega-Roldán, Blanca
  3. Rodríguez Ruiz, Sonia
Revista:
EduPsykhé: Revista de psicología y educación

ISSN: 1579-0207

Año de publicación: 2009

Volumen: 8

Número: 1

Páginas: 63-78

Tipo: Artículo

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Otras publicaciones en: EduPsykhé: Revista de psicología y educación

Resumen

La falta de autocontrol es un rasgo esencial de la bulimia nerviosa. Tanto es así que la impulsividad se ha relacionado con alteraciones neuropsicológicas y psicofisiológicas en estas pacientes. En el presente artículo hemos repasado la literatura que muestra la existencia de una disminución del control inhibitorio y que explica esa falta de autocontrol sobre conductas como la alimentación o la actividad sexual. Las pacientes con bulimia nerviosa sucumben con facilidad al deseo intenso por comer y experimentan frecuentes atracones de comida. De forma paralela, la actividad sexual se incrementa y se convierte en incontrolable. Ambos comportamientos, alimentario y sexual, parecen tener como función principal aliviar momentáneamente los estados de ánimo negativos. La literatura, además, muestra que esas conductas tan destructivas reflejan la existencia de una gran impulsividad motora y de dificultades en la toma de decisiones. Consecuentemente, la falta de control inhibitorio crónico en los procesos emocionales y psicofisiológicos contribuye a mantener una pobre regulación emocional, como lo corrobora el aumento de los reflejos defensivos y la baja variabilidad cardiaca que presentan las pacientes con bulimia nerviosa. Finalmente, en este artículo enfatizamos la necesidad de integrar las técnicas de intervención conductuales, neuropsicológicas y psicofisiológicas en un intento de mejorar el tratamiento multidisciplinar de la bulimia nerviosa.

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