Types and intensity of postdivorce conflicts, the exercise of coparenting and its consequences on children
- Patricia Jiménez-García
- Lourdes Contreras
- M.Carmen Cano-Lozano
ISSN: 2171-2069
Año de publicación: 2019
Volumen: 10
Número: 1
Páginas: 48-63
Tipo: Artículo
Otras publicaciones en: Revista iberoamericana de psicología y salud
Resumen
La ruptura conyugal se considera uno de los eventos más estresantes en la vida de cualquier familia, pudiéndose manifestar numerosos conflictos hasta alcanzar la nueva reestructuración familiar. Se ha señalado que los efectos negativos del divorcio en los hijos están determinados principalmente por el conflicto interparental. Por tanto, el objetivo de este estudio fue identificar los tipos e intensidad de los conflictos que se producen tras el divorcio, así como el ejercicio de la coparentalidad, examinando sus efectos en el ajuste emocional, conductual y escolar de los hijos. En este estudio se han analizado 317 expedientes del Punto de Encuentro Familiar de Jaén (España), desde 2009 a 2016. Se han analizado variables psicoemocionales, conductuales, escolares de los hijos, así como variables interparentales. Los resultados indicaron un mayor número de casos de menores con desajustes emocionales, conductuales y escolares cuando existen conflictos post-divorcio de tipo económico y de custodia, cuando existe intensidad moderada y alta de conflictos parentales tras la ruptura y en ausencia del ejercicio de la coparentalidad post-divorcio entre los progenitores. Con este estudio, se plantea la necesidad de implementar programas de prevención e intervención con los progenitores para garantizar una adecuada gestión de los conflictos post-divorcio.
Referencias bibliográficas
- Adamsons, K., & Johnson, S. K. (2013). An updated and expanded meta-analysis of nonresident fathering and child well-being. Journal of Family Psychology, 27, 589-599. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0033786
- Amato, P. R. (2000). The consequences of divorce for adults and children. Journal of Marriage and Family, 62, 1269-1287. https://doi. org/10.1111/j.17413737.2000.01269.x
- Amato, P. R. (2010). Research on divorce: Continuing trends and new developments. Journal of Marriage and Family, 72, 650-666. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.17413737.2010.00723.x
- Arce, R., Fariña, F., & Seijo, D. (2005). Razonamientos judiciales en procesos de separación: Análisis cognitivo y de contenido de las motivaciones [Judicial reasoning in parental separation and divorce proceedings: Content and cognitive analysis of judicial reasoning]. Psicothema, 17(1), 57-63. Retrived from http:// www.psicothema.com/pdf/3064.pdf
- Arch, M. (2010). Divorcio conflictivo y consecuencias en los hijos: implicaciones para las recomendaciones de guarda y custodia [High conflictive divorce and its consequences on children: Implications and recommendations about custody arrangements]. Papeles del Psicólogo, 31, 183-190. Retreived from http:// www.papelesdelpsicologo.es/pdf/1845.pdf
- Arkes, J. (2015). The temporal effects of divorces and separations on children’s academic achievement and problem behavior. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, 56, 25–42. https://doi. org/10.1080/10502556.2014.972204
- Bacon, B. L., & McKenzie, B. (2004). Parent education after separation-divorce. Impact of the level of parental conflict on outcomes. Family Court Review, 42, 85– 98. https://doi. org/10.1111/j.174-1617.2004.tb00635.x
- Bonach, K. (2005). Factors contributing to quality coparenting: Implications for family policy. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, 43, 79-103 https://doi.org/10.1300/J087v43n03_05
- Block, J. H., Block, J., & Morrison, A. (1981). Parental agreement-disagreement on child rearing orientations and gender-related personality correlates in children. Child Development, 52, 965-974. http://dx.doi. org/10.2307/1129101
- Braver, S. L., Shapiro, J. R., & Goodman, M. R. (2006). Consequences of divorce for parents. In M. A. Fine & J. H. Harvey (Eds.), Handbook of divorce and relationship dissolution (pp. 313-337). Mahwah, NI: LEA
- Cheng, J., & George, R. A. (2005). Cultivating resilience in children from divorce families. The Family Journal: Counseling and Therapy or Couples and Families, 13, 452-455. https:// doi.org/10.1177%2F1066480705278686
- Choi, J. K., & Pyun, H. S. (2014). Nonresident fathers’ financial support, informal instrumental support, mothers’ parenting, and child development in single mother families with low income. Journal of Family Issues, 35, 526-546. http://dx.doi. org/10.1177/0192513X13478403
- Contreras L., & Cano-Lozano, M. C. (2016). Childto-parent violence: The role of exposure to violence and its relationship to social-cognitive processing. The European Journal of Psychology Applied to Legal Context, 8, 43-50. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpal.2016.03.003
- Corrás, T., Seijo, D., Fariña, F., Novo, M., Arce, R., & Cabanach, R. G. (2017). What and how much do children lose in academic settings owing to parental separation? Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 1545. http://doi.org/10.3389/ fpsyg.2017.01545
- Cowan, C. P., Cowan, P. A., Pruett, M. K., & Pruett, K. (2007). An approach to preventing coparenting conflict and divorce in low-income families: Strengthening couple relationships and fostering fathers’ involvement. Family Process, 46, 109–121. https://doi.org/10.1111/ j.1545-5300.2006.00195.x
- Cummings, E. M., & Davies, P. T. (2010). Marital conflict and children: An emotional security perspective. New York: The Guilford Press.
- Cutrín, O., Gómez-Fraguela, J. A., Maneiro, L., & Sobral, J. (2017). Effects of parenting practices through deviant peers on nonviolent and violent antisocial behaviours in middle-and lateadolescence. European Journal of Psychology Applied to Legal Context, 9(2), 75-82. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpal.2017.02.001
- Davies, P. T., Harold, G. T., Goeke-Morey, M. C., Cummings, E. M., Shelton, K., & Rasi, J. A. (2002). Child responses to interparental conflict: Comparing the relative roles of emotional security and social learning processes. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 67, 27-40. https://doi.org/10.1111/15405834.00207
- De La Torre, J. L. (2005). Las relaciones entre padres e hijos después de las separaciones conflictivas [Parents-children relationships after conflictive separations]. Apuntes de Psicología, 23, 101-112. Retreived from http://www. apuntesdepsicologia.es/index.php/revista/ article/download/83/85
- Dudak, A. (2013). Fathers claiming custody of their children – clients of psychological and legal counselling. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 84, 1281-1285. https:// doi.org/10.1016/J.SBSPRO.2013.06.744
- Eurostat (2017). Marriage and divorce statistics. Retrieved from http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/ statistics-explained/index.php/Marriage_and_ divorce_statistics
- Fagan, F. P., & Churchill, A. (2012). The effects of divorce on children. Marriage & Religion Research Institute. Retrieved from http:// downloads.frc.org/EF/EF12A22.pdf
- Fariña, F., Parada, V., Novo, M., & Seijo, D. (2017). El Coordinador de Parentalidad: Un análisis de las resoluciones judiciales en España [Parenting Coordinator: An Analysis of Spanish Judicial Reasoning]. Acción Psicológica, 12(2), 157-170. https://doi.org/10.5944/ap.14.2.21346
- Galatzer-Levy, R. M. & Kraus, L. (1999). The scientific basis of child custody decisions. New York: Wiley.
- García, T., & Solsona, M. (2011). El divorcio como nudo biográfico. Una revisión de la literatura reciente desde la perspectiva de la vulnerabilidad postdivorcio [The divorce as a biographic nude. A review of recent literature from the postdivorce vulnerability approach]. Documents d' Anàlisi Geogràfica, 57, 105-126. Retrieved from https://ddd.uab.cat/pub/ dag/02121573v57n1/02121573v57n1p105. pdf
- Gerard, J. M., Krishnakumar, A., & Buehler, C. (2006). Marital conflict, parent-child relations, and youth maladjustment: a longitudinal investigation of spillover effects. Journal of Family Issues, 27, 951-975. https://doi. org/10.1177/0192513X05286020
- Guillén, N., Roth, E., Alfaro, A., & Fernández, E. (2015). Youth alcohol drinking behaviour: Associated risk and protective factors. Revista Iberoamericana de Psicología y Salud, 6, 53-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rips.2015.03.001
- Hetherington, E. M. (1999). Should we stay together for the sake of the children? In E. M. Hetherington (Ed.), Coping with divorce, single parenting, and remarriage. A risk and resiliency perspective (pp. 93-116). Mahwah, NJ: LEA.
- Hopper, J. (2001). The symbolic origins of conflict in divorce. Journal of Marriage and Family, 63, 430-445. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.17413737.2001.00430.x
- Kelly, J. B. (2003). Changing perspectives on children’s adjustment following divorce. A view from the United States. Childhood, 10, 237-254. https://doi. org/10.1177%2F0907568203010002008
- Kelly, J. B., & Emery, R. E. (2003). Children’s adjustment following divorce: Risk and resiliency perspectives. Family Relations, 52, 352-362. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.17413729.2003.00352.x
- Landsford, J.E. (2009). Parental divorce and children’s adjustment. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 4, 141-152. https: //doi. org/10.1111/j.1745-6924.2009.01114.x
- López-Larrosa, S. (2009). El sistema familiar ante el divorcio: factores de riesgo y protección y programas de intervención [Family system in divorce: risk and protective factors and intervention programs]. Cultura y Educación, 21, 391-402. https://doi. org/10.1174/113564009790002436
- López-Larrosa, S., Sánchez-Souto, V., & Mendiri, P. (2012). Los adolescentes y el conflicto interparental destructivo: impacto en la percepción del sistema familiar y diferencias según el tipo de familia, la edad y el sexo de los adolescentes [Adolescents and destructive interparental conflict: Impact on the perception of the family system and differences by adolescents’ type of family, age and sex]. Universitas Psychologica, 11, 1255-1262. Retreived from http://revistas.javeriana.edu.co/ index.php/revPsycho/article/view/1255
- Madden-Derdich, D. A., & Leonard, S. A. (2000). Parental role identity and fathers’ involvement in coparental interaction after divorce: fathers’ perspectives. Family Relations, 49, 311–318. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.17413729.2000.00311.x
- Madden-Derdich, D. A., Leonard, S. A., & Christopher, F. S. (1999). Boundary ambiguity and coparental conflict after divorce: An empirical test of a family systems model of the divorce process. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 61, 588-598. https://doi. org/10.2307/353562
- Markham, M. S., & Coleman, M. (2012). The good, the bad, and the ugly: divorced mothers´ experiences with coparenting. Family Relations, 61, 586-600. https://doi.org/10.1111/ j.1741-3729.2012.00718.x
- Markham, M. S., Ganong, L. H., & Coleman, M. (2007). Coparental identity and mothers’ cooperation in coparental relationships. Family Relations, 56, 369-377. https://doi. org/10.1111/j.1741-3729.2007.00466.x
- Martiñón, J. M., Fariña, F., Corrás, T., Seijo, D., Souto, A., & Novo, M. (2017). Impacto de la ruptura de los progenitores en el estado de salud física de los hijos [Impact of family breakup on the physical health of children]. European Journal of Education and Psychology, 10, 9–14. http: //dx.doi.org/10.1016/j. ejeps.2016.10.002
- McIntosh, J., & Long, J. (2005). Current findings in Australian children in postseparation disputes: Outer conflict, Inner discord. Journal of Family Studies, 11, 99-109. https://doi. org/10.5172/jfs.327.11.1.99
- Mitcham-Smith, M., & Henry, W. J. (2007). Highconflict divorce solutions: parenting coordination as an innovative co-parenting intervention. The Family Journal, 15, 368-373. https://doi. org/10.1177/1066480707303751
- Montero, I., & León, O. G. (2007). A guide for naming research studies in Psychology. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 8, 693-703. Retreived from http:// www.aepc.es/ijchp/GNEIP07_es.pdf
- Morgado, B. (2008). Experiencia del divorcio parental y ajuste psicológico infantil [Experience of parental divorce and children psychological adjustment]. (Doctoral thesis, University of Sevilla, Faculty of Psychology, Spain). Retreived from https://idus.us.es/xmlui/bitstream/ handle/11441/15479/Y_TD_PS-PROV5. pdf?sequence=-1&isAllowed=y
- Morgado, B. (2010). La relación con el padre tras el divorcio: la mirada de niños y niñas [Relationship with noncustodial father after divorce: children’s points of view]. Estudios de Psicología, 31, 39-59. https://doi. org/10.1174/021093910790744554
- Moura, O., Andrade, R., Rocha, M., & Mena, P. (2010). Children’s Perception of Interparental Conflict Scale (CPIC): Factor structure and invariance across adolescents and emerging adults. International Journal of Testing, 10, 364-382. https://doi.org/10.1080/1530505 8.2010.487964
- Musitu, G., Martínez, B., & Murgui, S. (2006). Conflicto marital, apoyo parental y ajuste escolar en adolescentes [Marital conflict, parents support and scholar adjustment in adolescents]. Anuario de Psicología, 37, 247-258. Retreived from http://www.redalyc.org/ articulo.oa?id=97012834003
- Overbeek, G., Vollebergh, W., De Graaf, R., Schulte, R., De Kemp, R., & Engels, R. (2006). Longitudinal associations of marital quality and marital dissolution with the incidente of DSMIII-R disorders. Journal of Family Psychology, 20, 284-291. https://doi.org/10.1037/08933200.20.2.284
- Pinheiro, C. (2014). Relación parental, autoestima y sintomatología depresiva en jóvenes adultos. Implicaciones de los conflictos interparentales, coalición y triangulación [Parental relationship, self-esteem and depressive symptomatology in young adults]. Universitas Psychologica, 13, 15-29 https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana. UPSY13-3.rpas
- Rappaport, S. R. (2013). Deconstructing the impact of divorce on children. Family Law Quarterly, 47, 353-377. Retreived from https: //www.jstor. org/stable/24576133?seq=1#page_scan_ tab_contents
- Seijo, D., Fariña, F., Corrás, T., Novo, M., & Arce, R. (2016). Estimating the epidemiology and quantifying the damages of parental separation in children and adolescents. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.3389/ fpsyg.2016.01611
- Yárnoz-Yaben, S. (2010). Hacia la coparentalidad post-divorcio: percepción del apoyo de la ex pareja en progenitores divorciados españoles [Towards the postdivorce coparenting: perception of the support from the ex-partner in Spanish divorced parents]. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 10, 295-307. Retreived from http://www.aepc.es/ ijchp/articulos_pdf/ijchp-352.pdf
- Yárnoz-Yaben, S. (2013). Perdón y divorcio: Una perspectiva clínica [Forgiveness and divorce: A clinical perspective]. Clínica Contemporánea, 4, 211-221. https://doi.org/10.5093/ cc2013a17
- Yárnoz-Yaben, S., Comino, P., & Garmendia, A. (2012). Ajuste al divorcio de los progenitores y problemas de conducta en hijos de familias separadas [Parental adjustment to divorce and behaviour problems in children from divorced families]. Infancia y aprendizaje, 35, 37-48. http://dx.doi. org/10.1174/021037012798977485
- Zemp, M., Bodenmann, G., & Cummings, E. M. (2016). The significance of interparental conflict for children. Rationale for couplefocused programs in family therapy. European Psychologist, 21, 99-108. https://doi. org/10.1027/10169040/a000245