Actitudes hacia el dopaje según el deportepracticado por losjóvenes

  1. Gerardo José Ruiz-Rico Ruiz 1
  2. María Luisa Zagalaz Sánchez 2
  3. Félix Zurita Ortega 3
  4. Manuel Castro Sánchez 3
  5. Ramón Chacón Cuberos 3
  6. Javier Cachón Zagalaz 2
  1. 1 Universidad de Almería (España)
  2. 2 Universidad de Jaén (España)
  3. 3 Universidad de Granada (España)
Journal:
Apunts: Educación física y deportes

ISSN: 1577-4015 2014-0983

Year of publication: 2017

Issue: 130

Pages: 29-39

Type: Article

DOI: 10.5672/APUNTS.2014-0983.ES.(2017/4).130.03 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openOpen access editor

More publications in: Apunts: Educación física y deportes

Abstract

Doping is a phenomenon that is associated with high-level sport, but rarely has it been given the attention it needs in the sphere of recreational sport. Therefore, the goal of this study is to analyse and establish relationships between the attitudes towards the use of doping of pre-university students depending on the kind of sport they do and whether they have ever been urged to use performance-enhancing drugs. A total of 829 students between the ages of 15 and 18 (M = 16.22 years old, SD = .77) participated and the kind of sport, being urged to take performance-enhancing drugs and attitudes towards doping variables were recorded and evaluated. The data were collected in an ad-hoc questionnaire using Petróczi’s (2002) performance Enhancement Attitudes Scale (PEAS). The results showed that the majority of the participants had attitudes towards doping that are not very permissive; young people who went cycling or who regularly lifted weights have attitudes that are more prone to doping; participants who had been urged to use performance-enhancing drugs had more permissive attitudes towards doping; and individuals who went cycling or did weightlifting were those who had been urged to use performance-enhancing drugs most often.

Bibliographic References

  • Atienza, E. (2013). Prevención, represión y control del dopaje frente al derecho a la intimidad del deportista en el marco jurídico español. Revista de Derecho Valparaiso (40), 323-351.
  • Aubel, O., & Ohl, F. (2014). An alternative approach to the prevention of doping in cycling. International Journal of Drug Policy, 25(6), 1094-1102. doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2014.08.010
  • Backhouse, S., Whitaker, L., & Petroczi, A. (2013). Supplement use in the context of preferred competitive situations, doping attitude, beliefs, and norms. Scandinavian Journal Medicine & Science Sports, 23, 244-252. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0838.2011.01374.x
  • Barkoukis, V., Tsorbatzoudis, H., & Rodafinos, A. (2013). Motivational and social cognitive predictors of doping intentions in elite sports: An integrated approach. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 23(5), 330-340. doi:10.1111/sms.12068
  • Blank, C., Leichtfried, V., Shaiter, R., Fürhapter, C., & Müller, D. (2015). Knowledge and attitudes among parents of Austrian junio athletes. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 25(1), 116-124. doi:10.1111/sms.12168
  • Chan, D., Dimrnock, J., Donovan, R., Hardcastle, S., Lentillon-Kaestner, V., & Hagger, M. (2015). Self-determined motivation in sport predicts anti-doping motivation and intention: A perspective from the trans-contextual model. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 18(3), 315-322.
  • Connolly, J. (2015). Civilising processes and doping in professional cycling. Current Sociology, 63(7), 1037-1057. doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2014.04.001
  • Copeland, R., & Potwarka, L. (2016). Individual and contextual factors in ethical decision making: A case study of the most significant doping scandal in Canadian university sports history. Sport Management Review, 19(1), 61-68. doi:10.1016/j.smr.2015.08.004
  • Elbe, A., & Brand, R. (2016). The Effect of an Ethical Decision-Making Training on Young Athletes’ Attitudes Toward Doping. Ethics & Behavior, 26(1), 32-44. doi:10.1080/10508422.2014.976864
  • Elliot, D., Goldberg, L., Moe, E., DeFrancesco, C., Durham, M., & Hix-Small, H. (2004). Preventing Substance Use and Disordered EatingInitial Outcomes of the ATHENA (Athletes Targeting Healthy Exercise and Nutrition Alternatives). Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 158(11), 1043-1049. doi:10.1001/archpedi.158.11.1043
  • Engelberg, T., & Skinner, J. (2016). Doping in sport: Whose problem is it? Sport Management review, 19(1), 1-5. doi:10.1016/j.smr.2015.12.001
  • Fincoeur, B., & Paoli, L. (2014). Communitarian policies in relation to doping markets. The evolution of the distribution of dopingproducts in cycling. Deviance et Societe, 38(1), 3-27. doi:10.3917/ds.381.0003
  • Foucart, J., Verbanck, P., & Lebrun, P. (2015). Dopage, pratique sportive et addiction--quels liens? Revue Medicale de Bruxelles, 36(6), 485-493.
  • Frías, J. (2015). Mejora humana y dopaje. Barcelona: Editorial Reus.
  • Giraldi, G., Unim, B., Masala, D., Miccoli, S., & La Torre, G. (2015). Knowledge, attitudes and behaviours on doping and supplements in young football players in Italy. Public Health, 129(7), 1007-1009. doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2015.05.008
  • Goldberg, L., MacKinnon, D., Elliot, D., Moe, E., Clarke, G., & Cheong, J. (2000). The Adolescents traineng and learning to avoid steroids program preventing drug use and promoting health behaviors. Peditrics & Adolescent Medicine, 154(4), 332-338. doi:10.1001/archpedi.154.4.332
  • Gucciardi, D., Jalleh, G., & Donovan, R. (2011). An examination of the Sport Drug Control Model with elite Australian athletes.Journal Science Medicine Sport, 14(6), 469-476. doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2011.03.009
  • Irving, L., Wall, M., Neumark-Sztainer, D., & Story, M. (2002). Steroid use among adolescents: Findings from Project EAT. Journal of Adolescent Health, 30, 243-252. doi:10.1016/S1054139X(01)00414-1
  • Laure, P., & Lecerf, T. (2002). Doping prevention among young athletes: comparison of a health education-based intervention versus information-based intervention. Science & Sports, 17(4), 198-201. doi:10.1016/S0765-1597(02)00154-5
  • Leifman, H., Rehnman, C., Sjöblom, E., & Holgersson, S. (2011). Anabolic Androgenic Steroids—Use and Correlates among Gym Users-An Assessment Study Using Questionnaires and Observations at Gyms in the Stockholm Region. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 8(7), 2656-2674. doi:10.3390/ ijerph8072656
  • Lopez, B. (2014). The Good, Pure Old Days’: Cyclist’s Switching Appraisals of Doping before and after Retirement as Claims Making in the Construction of Doping as a Social Problem. International Journal of the History of, 31(17), 2141-2157. doi:10.1080/095233 67.2014.911731
  • Loraschi, A., Galli, N., & Cosentino, M. (2014). Dietary Supplement and Drug Use and Doping Knowledge and Attitudes in Italian Young Elite Cyclists. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, 24(3), 238-244. doi:10.1097/JSM.0000000000000018
  • Lucidi, F., Zelli, A., & Mallia, L. (2013). The contribution of moral disengagement to adolescents’ use of doping substances. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 44(6), 493-514.
  • Madigan, D., Stoeber, J., & Passfield, L. (2016). Perfectionism and attitudes towards doping in junior athletes. Journal of Sports Sciences, 34(8), 700-706. doi:10.1080/02640414.2015.1068441
  • Millar, D., & Whittle, J. (2012). Pedaleando en la oscuridad. Madrid: Contraediciones. Morente-Sanchez, J., & Zabala, M. (2015). Knowledge, attitudes and beliefs of technical staff towards doping in Spanish football. Journal of Sports Sciences, 33(12), 1267-1275. doi:10.1080/02640414.201 4.999699
  • Morente-Sanchez, J., Femia-Marzo, P., & Zabala, M. (2014). Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Spanish Version of the Performance Enhancement Attitude Scale (Petróczi, 2002). Journal Sports Science & Medicine, 13(2), 430- 438.
  • Morente-Sanchez, J., Mateo-March, M., & Zabala, M. (2013).Attitudes towards Doping and Related Experience in Spanish National Cycling Teams According to Different Olympic Disciplines.PLOS one, 8(8), e70999. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0070999
  • Morente-Sanchez, J., Mateo-March, M., & Zabala, M. (2014). Attitudes towards doping in Spanish road cycling national teams. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 45(2), 157-170.
  • Nogueira, F., Aline de Freitas, B., Oliveira, C., Vieira, I., & Gouveia, R. (2014). Anabolic-Androgenic Steroid Use Among Brazilian Bodybuilders. Substance Use & Misuse, 49(9), 1138-1145. doi:10.3 109/10826084.2014.912062
  • Papadopoulos, F., Skalkidis, I., Parkkari, J., & Petridou, E. (2006). Doping Use among Tertiary Education Students in Six Developed Countries. European Journal of Epidemiology, 21(4), 307-313. doi:10.1007/s10654-006-0018-6
  • Pardo, R. (2015). Razones que inducen a los jóvenes deportistas a doparse. Actas del IV Congreso Internacional Deporte, Dopaje y Sociedad (pàg. 299-309). Madrid: Universidad Politécnica de Madrid.
  • Petroczi, A. (2002). Exploring the doping dilemma in elite sport: Can athletes attitudes be responsible for doping? Colorado: University of Northem Colorado.
  • Rane, A., Rosen, T., Skarberg, K., Heine, L., & Ljungdahl, S. (2013). Steroider ar ett vaxande problem pa gymmen. Lakartidningen, 110(39-40), 1741-1746.
  • Raschka, C., Chmiel, C., Preiss, R. & Boss, C. (2013). Doping bei Freizeitsportlern--Eine Untersuchung in 11 Fitnessstudios im Raum Frankfurt am Main. MMW Fortschritte der Medizin, 155(2), 41-53. doi:10.1007/s15006-013-1052-4
  • Rocha, M., Aguiar, F., & Ramos, H. (2014). O uso de esteroides androgénicos anabolizantes e outros suplementos ergogénicos–uma epidemia silenciosa. Revista Portuguesa de Endocrinologia, Diabetes e Metabolismo, 9(2), 98-105.
  • Ruiz-Rico, G., Cachón, J., Valdivia, P., & Zagalaz, M. (2014). DOPAJE VS FAIR PLAY. Journal of Sport and Health Research, 1(6), 107-116.
  • Stubbe, J., Chorus, A., Frank, L., Hon, O., & Heïjden, P. (2014). Prevalence of Use of Performance Enhancing Drugs by Fitness Centre Members. Drug Testing and Analysis(6), 434-438.
  • Volker, R. (2015). Professional Cycling and the Fight Against Doping. International Journal of Sport Finance, 10(3), 244-266.
  • WADA. (21 de Febrero de 2014). World Anti-Doping Code. Recuperat de http://www.wada-ama.org/Documents/World_Anti-Doping_ Program/WADP-The-Code/Code_Review/Code%20Review%20 2015/Code%20Final%20Draft/WADA-Redline-2015-WADC-to2009-WADC-EN.pdf
  • Wazaify, M., Bedair, A., Hadidi, K. & Scott, J. (2014). Doping in Gymnasiums in Amman: The other side of Prescription and Nonprescription Drug Abuse. Substance Use & Misuse, 49(10), 1296-1302. doi:10.3109/10826084.2014.891625
  • Whitaker, L., Backhouse, S., & Long, J. (2014). Reporting doping in sport: National level athletes’ perceptions of their role in doping prevention. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 24(6), 515-521. doi.org/10.1111/sms.12222
  • Woolf, J., Rimal, R., & Sripad, P. (2013). Understanding the Influence of Proximal Networks on High School Athletes’ Intentions to Use Androgenic Anabolic Steroids. Journal of Sport Management, 28(1), 8-20. doi:10.1123/jsm.2013-0046
  • Yager, Z., & O’Dea, J. (2014). Relationships between body image, nutritional supplement use, and attitudes towards doping in sport among adolescent boys: implications for prevention programs. Journal of the Internation Society of Sports Nutrition, 11(1), 13. doi:10.1186/1550-2783-11-13