Relación entre Variables Neurocognitivas y Personalidad en Delincuentes

  1. Becerra García, Juan Antonio
  2. García León, Ana
Revista:
Acción psicológica

ISSN: 1578-908X

Año de publicación: 2014

Título del ejemplar: Aceptación-Rechazo Parental: medidas y constructos relacionados

Volumen: 11

Número: 2

Páginas: 117-126

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.5944/AP.11.2.10857 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR

Otras publicaciones en: Acción psicológica

Resumen

Recientes estudios muestran que rasgos de personalidad del Modelo de los Cinco Factores y funciones neurocognitivas frontales comparten una misma base neurobiológica. En población penitenciaria las relaciones entre estas funciones y rasgos ha sido poco explorada. Este estudio pretende examinar la relación entre personalidad y funciones neurocognitivas en delincuentes y determinar si las medidas de funcionamiento neurocognitivo frontal contribuyen a predecir algún porcentaje de varianza en rasgos de personalidad de muestras penitenciarias. Noventa y nueve hombres (distribuidos en grupos: agresores sexuales de adultos, delincuentes no sexuales y grupo control) realizaron el Inventario de Personalidad NEO de Cinco Factores (NEO-FFI) y el Trail Making Test (TMT, partes A y B). La ejecución en la parte A del TMT se relaciono con el nivel de Extraversión de los delincuentes sexuales y con el nivel de Neuroticismo de delincuentes no sexuales y explica un porcentaje significativo de la varianza de estos dominios de personalidad en ambos grupos. En conclusión, la relación entre el funcionamiento neurocognitivo y la personalidad parece ser diferente en función del tipo de delito cometido, aunque los resultados deben ser interpretados de forma preliminar.

Referencias bibliográficas

  • Akbar, n., Honarmand, K. y Feinstein, A. (2011). self-assessment of cognition in multiple sclerosis: the role of personality and anxiety. cognitive and Behavioral Neurology, 24, 115-121. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1097/Wnn.0b013e31822a20ae
  • Arnow, B. A., Desmond, J. E., Banner, L. L., Glover, G. H., solomon, A., Polan, M. L., Lue, T. F. y Atlas, s. W. (2002). Brain activation and sexual arousal in healthy, heterosexual males. Brain, 125, 1014- 1023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/awf108
  • Ayotte, B. J., Potter, G. G., Williams, H. T., steffens, D. C. y Bosworth, H. B. (2009). The moderating role of personality factors in the relationship between depression and neuropsychological functioning among older adults. International Journal of geriatric Psychiatry, 24, 1010-1019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gps.2213
  • Becerra-García, J. A. y García-León, A. (2011). Does a childhood abuse history influence choice of the sex of victims of sex aggressors? Romanian Journal of Legal Medicine, 19, 295-298. http:// dx.doi.org/10.4323/rjlm.2011.295
  • Becerra-García, J. A., García-León, A. y Egan, V. (2013). Toward a neuropsychology of personality in sex offenders against children: an exploratory psychometric study. Journal of child sexual Abuse, 22, 612-623. http://dx.doi.org/10.1 080/10538712.2013.800933
  • Becerra-García, J. A., García-León, A., Muela-Martínez, J. A. y Egan, V. (2013). A controlled study of the Big Five personality dimensions in sex offenders, non-sex offenders and non-offenders: relationship with offending behaviour and childhood abuse. Journal of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychology, 24, 233-246. http://dx.doi.org/10 .1080/14789949.2013.764463
  • Bourke, M. L. y Hernández, A. E. (2009). The ‘Butner study’ redux: a report of the incidence of handson child victimization by child pornography offenders. Journal of Family Violence, 24, 183-191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10896-008-9219-y
  • Charlton, R. A., Barrick, T. R., Markus, H. s. y Morris, R. G. (2009). Theory of mind associations with other cognitive functions and brain imaging in normal aging. Psychology and Aging, 24, 338-348. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0015225
  • Cohen, M. x., schoene-Bake, J. C., Elger, C. E. y Weber, B. (2009). Connectivity-based segregation of the human striatum predicts personality characteristics. Nature Neuroscience, 12, 32-34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nn.2228
  • Costa, P. T. y McCrae, R. R. (1992). Revised NEo personality inventory (NEo-PI-R) and NEo fivefactor inventory (NEo-FFI) professional manual. Odessa: Psychological Assessment Resources.
  • Costa, P. T. y McCrae, R. R. (1999). NEo PI-R, Inventario de Personalidad NEo Revisado. NEoFFI, Inventario NEo reducido de cinco Factores. Manual. Madrid: TEA Ediciones.
  • Cremers, H. R., Demenescu, L. R., Aleman, A., Renken, R., van Tol, M. J., van der Wee, n., Veltman, D. J. y Roelofs, K. (2010). neuroticism modulates amygdale-prefrontal connectivity in response to negative emotional facial expressions. NeuroImage, 49, 963-970. http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.08.023
  • Delano-Wood, L., Abeles, n., sacco, J. M., Wierenga, C. E., Horne, n. R. y Bozoki, A. (2008). Regional white matter pathology in mild cognitive impairment: differential influence of lesion type on neuropsychological functioning. stroke, 39, 794-799. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/ sTROKEAHA.107.502534
  • De Young, C. G., Hirsh, J. B., shane, M. s., Papademetris, x., Rajeevan, n. y Gray, J. R. (2010). Testing predictions from personality neuroscience: brain structure and the big five. Psychological science, 21, 820-828. http://dx.doi. org/10.1177/0956797610370159
  • Dolan, M., Millington, J. y Park, I. (2002). Personality and neuropsychological function in violent, sexual, and arson offenders. Medicine, science and Law, 42, 34-43.
  • Egan, V. (2011). Individual differences and antisocial behaviour. En A. Furnham, s. von stumm y K. Petredies (Eds.), Handbook of individual differences (pp. 512-537). Oxford: Blackwell-Wiley.
  • Grumm, M. y von Collani, G. (2009). Personality types and self-reported aggressiveness. Personality and Individual Differences, 47, 845-850. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2009.07.001
  • Jackson, J., Balota, D. A. y Head, D. (2011). Exploring the relationship between personality and regional brain volume in healthy aging. Neurobiology of Aging, 32, 2162-2171. http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2009.12.009
  • Jelicic, M., Bosma, H., Ponds, R. W., Van Boxtel, M. P., Houx, P. J. y Jolles, J. (2003). neuroticism does not affect cognitive functioning in later life. Experimental Aging Research, 29, 73-78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03610730303704
  • Joyal, C. C., Black, D. n. y Dassylva, B. (2007). The neuropsychology and neurology of sexual deviance: a review and pilot study. sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 19, 155-173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107906320701900206
  • Kelly, T., Richardson, G., Hunter, R. y Knapp, M. (2002). Attention and executive function deficits in adolescent sex offenders, child Neuropsychology, 8, 138-143.
  • Kortte, K. B., Horner, M. D. y Windham, W. K. (2002). The trail making test, part B: Cognitive flexibility or ability to maintain set? Applied Neuropsychology, 9, 106-109. http://dx.doi. org/10.1207/s15324826An0902_5
  • Li, s. C., Lindenberger, U., Hommel, B., Aschersleben, G., Prinz, W. y Baltes, P. B. (2004). Transformations in the couplings among intellectual abilities and constituent cognitive processes across the life span. Psychological science, 15, 155-163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ j.0956-7976.2004.01503003.x
  • Mahoney, C. J., Rohrer, J. D., Omar, R., Rossor, M. n. y Warren, J. D. (2011). neuroanatomical profiles of personality change in frontotemporal lobar degeneration. British Journal of Psychiatry, 198, 365-372. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp. bp.110.082677
  • McCrae, R. R. y Costa, P. T. (1997). Personality trait structure as a human universal. American Psychologist, 52, 509-516. http://dx.doi. org/10.1037/0003-066x.52.5.509
  • Mendez, M. F., shapira, J. s. y saul, R. E. (2011). The spectrum of sociopathy in dementia. Journal of Neuropsychiatry and clinical Neurosciences, 23, 132-140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/ appi.neuropsych.23.2.132
  • Nettle, D. y Liddle, B. (2008). Agreeableness is related to social-cognitive, but not socialperceptual, theory of mind. European Journal of Personality, 22, 323-335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.672
  • Poetter, C. E. y stewart, J. T. (2012). Treatment of indiscriminate, inappropriate sexual behav- ior in frontotemporal dementia with carbamazepine. Journal of clinical Psychopharmacology, 32, 137-138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ JCP.0b013e31823f91b9
  • Reitan, R. M. (1992). Trail making test: Manual for administration and scoring. Tucson: Reitan neuropsychology Laboratory.
  • Salthouse, T. A. (2005). Relations between cognitive abilities and measures of executive functioning. Neuropsychology, 19, 532-545. http://dx.doi. org/10.1037/0894-4105.19.4.532
  • Schretlen, D. J., van der Hulst, E. J., Pearlson, G. D. y Gordon, B. (2010). A neuropsychological study of personality: trait openness in relation to intelligence, fluency, and executive functioning. Journal of clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 32, 1068-1073. http://dx.doi. org/10.1080/13803391003689770
  • Sollberger, M., neuhaus, J., Ketelle, R., Growdon, M., Jung, J., Miller, B. L. y Rankin, K. P. (2011). Interpersonal traits change as a func- tion of disease type and severity in neurodegenerative disease. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 82, 732-739. http://dx.doi. org/10.1136/jnnp.2010.205047
  • Stone, M. H. y Thompson, E. H. (2001). Executive function impairment in sexual offenders. Journal of Individual Psychology, 57, 51-59.
  • Takeuchi, H., Taki, Y., sassa, Y., Hashizume, H., sekiguchi, A., Fukushima, A. y Kawashima, R. (2010). White matter structures associated with creativity: evidence from diffusion tensor imaging. NeuroImage, 51, 11-18. http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.02.035
  • Weschler, D. (2001). WAIs-III. Escala de inteligencia Wechsler para adultos. Tercera versión. Manual de aplicación y corrección. Madrid: TEA ediciones.
  • Tirapu-Ustárroz, J. y Luna-Lario, P. (2008). neuropsicología de las funciones ejecutivas. En J. Tirapu-Ustárroz, M. Ríos-Lago y F. Maestú (Eds.), Manual de neuropsicología (pp. 219-249). Barcelona: Viguera Editores.
  • Turken, A. U., Whitfield-Gabrieli, s., Bammer, R., Baldo, J., Dronkers, n. y Gabrieli, J. (2008). Cognitive processing speed and the structure of white matter pathways: Convergent evidence from normal variation and lesion studies. NeuroImage, 42, 1032-1044. http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.03.057
  • Ward, T. y Beech, A. (2006). An integrated theory of sexual offending. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 11, 44-63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j. avb.2005.05.002
  • Xu, J. y Potenza, M. n. (2012). White matter integrity and five-factor personality measures in healthy adults. NeuroImage, 59, 800-807. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.07.040
Fuente de los datos: Dialnet