The Measurement of Perceived Emotional Intelligence for Spanish Adolescents with Social Anxiety Disorder Symptoms

  1. Díaz-Castela, María del Mar
  2. Hale III, William W.
  3. Muela Martínez, José Antonio
  4. Espinosa Fernández, Lourdes
  5. Klimstra, Theo
  6. García López, Luis Joaquín
Journal:
Anales de psicología

ISSN: 0212-9728 1695-2294

Year of publication: 2013

Volume: 29

Issue: 2

Pages: 509-515

Type: Article

More publications in: Anales de psicología

Abstract

Emotional Intelligence (EI) is a concept that has been discussed for decades in Psychology but has received very little empirical study until recently. And with this growing interest, its accompanying concept, Per-ceived Emotional Intelligence (PEI), has also received more attention. It is due to this growing interest in PEI that this paper explores two important aspects of the PEI: the measurement of PEI and the implications PEI may have for adolescent anxiety disorder symptomology. This study explores a well-known questionnaire of PEI, namely the Trait Meta-Mood Scale ques-tionnaire (TMMS). The Spanish shortened version of the Trait Meta-Mood Scale questionnaire (TMMS-24) and a series of well-known questionnaires of Social Anxiety Disorder symptomology were administrated to 425 Span-ish high-school adolescents. The results of this study corroborated that the TMMS-24 has good psychometric properties in adolescents, and that one of its three scales (Emotional Repair) appears to be involved in adolescent SAD symptomology

Bibliographic References

  • American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth edition, Text revision (DSM-IV-TR). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
  • Austin, E. J., Saklofske, D. H., & Egan, V. (2005). Personality, wellbeing and Elath correlates of trait emotional intelligence. Personality and Individual Differences, 38, 547-558.
  • Ciarrochi, J.V., Chan, A., & Bajgar, J. (2001). Measuring emotional intelligence in adolescents. Personality and Individual Differences, 31, 1105-1119.
  • Ciarrochi, J., Deane, F. P., & Anderson, S. (2002). Emotional intelligence moderates the relationship between stress and mental health. Personality and Individual Differences, 32, 197-209.
  • Díaz-Castela, M. M., Espinosa-Fernández, L, Garcia-Lopez, L. J. & Muela (2008). Inteligencia Emocional en adolescentes con problemas de ansiedad social. Poster presented at the VII International Congress of the Spanish Society for the study of Anxiety and Strees, Benidorm.
  • Extremera, N., & Fernández-Berrocal, P. (2005). Perceived emotional intelligence and life satisfaction: predictive and incremental validity using the Trait Meta-Mood Scale. Personality and Individual Differences, 39, 937-948.
  • Extremera, N., Fernández-Berrocal, P., Mestre, J. M. & Guil, R. (2004). Medidas de evaluación de la inteligencia emocional. Revista Latinoamericana de Psicología, 36, 209-228.
  • Fernández-Berrocal, P., Alcaide, R., Extremera, N., & Pizarro, D. A. (2006). The role of emotional intelligence in anxiety and depression among adolescents. Individual Differences Research, 4, 16-27.
  • Fernández-Berrocal, P., Alcaide, R., & Ramos, N. (1999). The influence of emotional intelligence on the emotional adjustment in high school students. Bulletin of Kharkov State University, 439, 119-123.
  • Fernández-Berrocal, P., & Extremera, N. (2008). A review of trait metamood research. International Journal of Psychology Research, 2, 39-67.
  • Fernández-Berrocal, P., Extremera, N. & Ramos, N. (2004). Validity and Realibity of the Spanish modified version of the Trait Meta-Mood Scale. Psychological Reports, 94, 751-755.
  • Garcia-Lopez, L. J. (2007). Examining the efficacy of three cognitivebehavioural treatments aimed at overcoming social anxiety in adolescents. University of Murcia: Publication Service.
  • Garcia-Lopez, L. J. (2013). Tratando...trastorno de ansiedad social [Treating...social anxiety disorder]. Madrid: Piramide.
  • Garcia-Lopez, L. J. & Storch, E. A. (2008). Recent advances in anxiety disorders in childhood. Foreword. Behavioral Psychology-Psicologia Conductual, 16, 361-363.
  • Garcia-Lopez, L. J., Beidel, D. C., Hidalgo, M. D., Olivares, J., & Turner, S. M. (2008). Brief form of the Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory for adolescents. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 24, 150-156.
  • García-López, L. J., Muela, J. M., Espinosa-Fernandez, L., & Diaz-Castela, M. M. (2009). Exploring the relevance of expressed emotion to the treatment of social anxiety disorder in adolescence. Journal of Adolescence, 32, 1371-1376.
  • Garcia-Lopez, L. J., Piqueras, J. A., Diaz-Castela, M. M., & Ingles, C. J. (2008). Social anxiety disorder in childhood and adolescents: Current trends, advances, and future directions. Behavioral Psychology-Psicologia Conductual, 16, 501-533.
  • Gartzia, L., Aritzeta, A., Balluerka, N., & Barberá, E. (2012). Inteligencia emocional y género: más allá de las diferencias sexuales. Anales de Psicología, 28, 567-575.
  • Gohm, C. L., Corser, G. C., & Dalsky, D. J. (2005). Emotional intelligence under stress: Useful, unnecessary, or irrelevant? Personality and Individual Differences 39(6): 1017-1028.
  • Hale III W.W., Raaijmakers, Q. A. W., Muris, P., Van Hoof, A., & Meeus, W. (2009). One Factor or Two Parallel Processes?: Comorbidity and Development of Adolescent Anxiety and Depressive Disorder Symptoms. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 50, 1218-1226.
  • Ingles, C. J., La Greca, A. M., Marzo, J. C., Garcia-Lopez, L. J., Garcia-Fernandez, J. M. (2010). Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents: Factorial invariance and latent mean differences across gender and age in Spanish adolescents. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 24, 847-855.
  • Kline, R. B. (2005). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling, Second edition. New York: The Guilford Press.
  • La Greca, A. M. & López, N. (1998). Social anxiety among adolescents: Linkages with peer relations and friendships. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 26, 83-94.
  • Latorre, J. M., & Montañes, J. (2004). Ansiedad, Inteligencia Emocional y Salud en la adolescencia. Ansiedad y Estrés, 10, 112-125.
  • Liau, A. K., Liau, A. W. L., Teoh, G. B. S., & Liau, M. T. L. (2003). The Case for Emotional Literacy: the influence of emotional intelligence on problem behaviours in Malaysian secondary school students. Journal of Moral Education, 32, 51-66.
  • Mayer, J., Caruso, D., & Salovey, P. (1999) Emotional intelligence meets traditional standards for an intelligence. Intelligence, 27, 267-298.
  • Mayer, J. D., & Salovey, P. (1995). Emotional intelligence and the construction and regulation of feelings. Applied and Preventive Psychology, 4, 197-208.
  • Mayer, J. D., & Salovey, P. (1997). What is emotional intelligence? In P. Salovey y D. Sluyter (Eds.), Emotional Development and Emotional Intelligence: Implications for Educators (pp. 3-31). New York: Basic Books.
  • Mayer, J. D., Salovey, P., & Caruso, D. (2001). Technical manual for the MSCEIT v.2.0. Toronto: MHS Publishers.
  • Muthen, B. O., & Muthen, L. K. (2006). Mplus user's guide. Fourth edition. Los Angeles, CA: Muthen & Muthen.
  • Olivares, J., Garcia-Lopez, L. J., Hidalgo, M. D., & Caballo, V. E. (2004). Relationships among social anxiety measures and its invariance: A confirmatory factor analysis. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 20, 172-179.
  • Olivares, J., Garcia-Lopez, L. J., Turner, S. M., La Greca, A. M., & Beidel, D. C. (2002). A pilot study on normative data for two social anxiety measures: The Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory (SPAI), and the Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents (SAS-A). International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 2, 467-476.
  • Olivares, J., Ruiz, J., Hidalgo, M.D., Garcia-Lopez, L.J., Rosa, A. I., & Piqueras, J. A. (2005). Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents (SAS-A): Psychometric properties in a Spanishspeaking population. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 5, 85-97.
  • Parker, J. D. A., Summerfeldt, L. J., Hogan, M. J., & Majeski, S. (2004). Emotional intelligence and academic success: Examining the transition from high school to university. Personality and Individual Differences, 36, 163-172.
  • Petrides, K. V., Frederickson, N., & Furnham, A. (2004). The role of trait emotional intelligence in academic performance and deviant behavior at school. Personality and Individual Differences, 36, 277-293.
  • Piñar, M. J., & Fernández-Castro, J. (2011). La influencia de la inteligencia emocional en el estrés, la disonancia emocional y el rendimiento de tripulantes de cabina de pasajeros. Anales de Psicología, 27, 65-70.
  • Piqueras, J. A., Espinosa-Fernandez, L., Garcia-Lopez, L. J., & Beidel, D. C. (2012). Validación del "Inventario de Ansiedad y Fobia Social-Forma Breve" en jóvenes adultos españoles [Validation of the 'Social Phobia and Anxiety Incentory-Brief form' in Spanish young adults]. Behavioral Psychology-Psicologia Conductual, 20, 505-528.
  • Puliafico, A. C., Corner, J. S., & Kendall, P. C. (2007). Social phobia in youth: the diagnostic utility of feared social situations. Psychological Assessment, 19, 152-158.
  • Rao, P.A., Beidel, D.C., Turner, S.M., Ammerman, T., Crosby, L.E., & Sallee, F.R. (2007). Social anxiety disorder in childhood and adolescence: Descriptive psychopathology. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45, 1181-1191.
  • Salguero, J.M., Fernández-Berrocal, P., Balluerka, N., & Aritzeta, A. (2010). Measuring perceived emotional intelligence in the adolescent population: Psychometric properties of the Trait Meta-Mood Scale. Social Behavior and Personality, 38, 1197-1210.
  • Salguero, J. M., Palomera, R., & Fernández-Berrocal, P. (2012) Perceived emotional intelligence as predictor of psychological adjustment in adolescents: a 1-year prospective study. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 27, 1, 21-34.
  • Salovey, P., & Mayer, J.D. (1994). Some final thoughts about personality and intelligence. In Sternberg, R.J., & Ruzgis, P. (Eds.), Personality and Intelligence. (pp. 303-318). New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Salovey, P., Mayer, J. D., Goldman, S. L., Turvey, C., & Palfai, T. P. (1995). Emotional attention, clarity, and repair: exploring emotional intelligence using the Trait Meta-Mood Scale. In J. W. Pennebaker (Ed.), Emotional disclosure and health (pp. 125-154). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association,
  • Saklofske, D. H., Austin, E. J., & Minski, P. S. (2003). Factor structure and validity of a trait emotional intelligence measure. Personality and Individual Differences, 34, 1091-1100.
  • Schniering, C.A., Hudson, J. L., & Rapee, R. M. (2000). Issues in the diagnosis and assessment of anxiety disorders in children and adolescents. Clinical Psychology Review, 20, 453-478.
  • Schutte, N.S., Malouff, J.M., Thorsteinsson, E.B., Bhullar, N., & Rooke, S.E. (2007). A metaanalityc investigation of the relationship between emotional intelligence and health. Personality and Individual Differences, 42, 921-933.
  • Silverman, W. K., & Albano, A. M. (1996). The Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for DSM-IV-Child and Parent Versions. London: Oxford University Press.
  • Silverman, W. K., Saavedra, L., & Pina, A. A. (2001). Test-Retest Reliability of Anxiety Symptoms and Diagnoses with the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for DSM-IV: Child and Parent Versions. Journal American Academy Child adolescent Psychiatry, 40, 937-944.
  • Tsaousis, I. N., I. (2005). Exploring the relationship of emotional intelligence with physical and psychological health functioning. Stress and Health. 21, 77-86.
  • Ulutas, I. & Ömeroglu, E. (2007). The effects of an emotional intelligence education program on the emotional intelligence of children. Social Behavior and Personality, 35, 1365-1372.
  • Vandenberg, R. J., & Lance, C. E. (2000). A review and synthesis of the measurement invariance literature: Suggestions, practices, and recommendations for organizational research. Organizational Research Methods, 3, 4-70.
  • Vieira, S., Salvador, C., Matos, A. P., Garcia-Lopez, L. J., & Beidel, D. C. (in press). "Inventario de Fobia y Ansiedad Social - Versión Breve": Propiedades psicométricas en una muestra de adolescentes portugueses [The Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory -Brief form: Psychometric properties in a sample of Portuguese adolescents. Behavioral Psychology-Psicologia Conductual, 21,
  • Williams, F., Fernández-Berrocal, P., Extremera, N., Ramos, N., & Joiner, T. E. (2004). Mood regulation skill and the symptoms of endogenous and hopelessness depression in Spanish high school students. Journal of Psychological maladjustment and Behavioral Assessment, 26, 233-240.
  • Wood, J. J., Piacentini, J. C., Bergman, L. R., McCrackne, J., & Barrios, V. (2002). Concurrent validity of the anxiety disorders section of the ADIS for DSM-IV: Child and parent versions. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 31, 335-342.
  • Zhou, X., Xu, Q., Inglés, C. J., Hidalgo, M. D., & La Greca, Z. M. (2008). Reliability and validity of the Chines versión of the Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 39, 185-200.