Grasa corporal mediante bioimpedancia eléctrica en periodo escolar y no escolar

  1. Emilio J. Martínez López
  2. M.T. Redecillas Peiró
  3. José Enrique Moral García
Revista:
Revista Internacional de Medicina y Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte

ISSN: 1577-0354

Año de publicación: 2011

Volumen: 11

Número: 41

Tipo: Artículo

Otras publicaciones en: Revista Internacional de Medicina y Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte

Resumen

Se pretende conocer si existen cambios en la cantidad de grasa corporal de los adolescentes durante el tiempo escolar y no escolar. Participaron 145 adolescentes de educación secundaria. El 54,5% fueron varones y el resto mujeres, con un peso medio de 59,67 ± 13,46 kg. y 60,53 ± 12,64 kg. respectivamente. Se realizaron medidas de bioimpedancia eléctrica en tres momentos diferentes (junio-septiembre-diciembre), utilizando para la obtención de resultados finales la ecuación de ajuste de Deurenberg et al. (1991). La variabilidad de grasa corporal fue tratada con análisis de varianza (ANOVA). Se encontró que existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la cantidad de grasa corporal de los participantes entre junio y septiembre, y junio y diciembre (p<0.001) pero no entre septiembre y diciembre, con un aumento del 4,72% durante el periodo vacacional, y de sólo un 0,41% durante el periodo escolar.

Referencias bibliográficas

  • Blasi, M.J. (2003). A burger and fries: The increasing Dilemma of Childhood Obesity. For Parents Particularly. Childhood Education; 79 (5): 321-323.
  • Brug, J., Oenema, A. & Ferreira, I. (2005). Theory, evidence and intervention mapping to improve behaviour nutrition and physical activity interventions. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 2, 2 Available at: http://www.ijbnpa.org/content/2/1/22 [consulta: 16/09/2009].
  • Campbell, K., Waters, E., O’Meara, S., Kelly, S. & Summerbell, C. (2005). Interventions for preventing obesity in children (review). The Cochrane Library (19), 11–12.
  • Chan, S.C., Lam, T.H., Salili, F., Leung, G.M., Wong, D.C.,Botelho, R.L. (2005). A randomized controlled trial ofan individualized motivational intervention on smoking cessationfor parents of sick children: A pilot study. Applied Nursing Research (18), 178-181.
  • Cole T.J., Bellizzi M.C., Flegal K.M., Dietz W.H. (2000). Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide: international survey. British Medical Journal (320), 1240–1243.
  • Cornish B.H., Jacobs A., Thomas B.J., Ward L.C. (1999). Optimizing electrode sites for segmental bioimpedance measurements. Physilogical Measurement (20), 241 – 250.
  • Deurenberg P., Vander Kooy K., Leenen R., Weststrate J.A., Seidell J.(1991). Sex and age specific prediction formulas for estimating body composition from bioelectrical impedance: a cross-validation study. International Journal of Obesity (15), 17-25.
  • Downey D.B., Von Hippel P.T., Broh B. (2004). Are schools the great equalizer? School and non-school sources of inequality in cognitive skills. American Social Review (69), 613-635.
  • Edwards P., Tsouros A. (2006). Promoting physical activity and active living in urban environments: the role of local governments.The solid facts. Copenhagen, WHO Regional Office for Europe,
  • Fuller N.J., Fewtrell M.S., Dewit O., Elia M. & Wells J.C.K. (2002). Segmental bioelectrical impedance analysis in children aged 8 – 12. The assessment of whole-body composition. International Journal of Obesity (26), 684–691.
  • García Lanzuela, Y., Matute Bravo, S., Tifner, S., Gallizo Llorens, M.E. y Gil-Lacruz, M. (2007). Sedentarismo y percepción de la salud: Diferencias de género en una muestra aragonesa. Revista Internacional de Medicina y Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte vol. 7 (28), 344-358 Http://cdeporte.rediris.es/revista/revista28/artgenero70.htm
  • Greenleaf, C. & Weiller, K. (2005). Perceptions of Youth Obesity among Physical Educators. Social Psychology of Education (8), 407-423.
  • Hannon J.C., Ratliffe T., Williams D.P. (2006). Agreement in Body Fat Estimates Between a Hand-Held Bioelectrical Impedance Analyzer and Skinfold Thicknesses in African American and Caucasian Adolescents. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport (77), 4, 519–528.
  • Hippel P., Powell B., Downey, D., Rowland N. (2007). The Effect of School on Overweight in Childhood: Gain in Body Mass Index During the School Year and During Summer Vacation. Journal of Public Health (97), 4, 696-703.
  • Hopper, C.A., Munoz, K.D., Gruber B.M., & Nhuyen P.K. (2005). The Effects of a Family Fitness Program on the Physical Activity and Nutrition behaviors of Third-Grade Children. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport (76), 130-139.
  • Houtkooper L.B., Lohman, T.G., Going S.B., Howell W.H. (1996). Why bioelectrical impedance analysis should be used for estimating adiposity. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (64), 436-449.
  • Irwin, C.C., Symons, C.W., & Kerr, D.L. (2003). The dilemmas of obesity: How can physical educators help? Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance (74), 33-39.
  • James J., Thomas P., Cavan D., Kerr D. (2004). Preventing childhood obesity by reducing consumption of carbonated drinks: duster randomised controlled trial. British Medical Journal (52) 328:337.
  • Katzmarzyk, P.T. (2004). Perspective: Sedentary death syndrome-Where to from here?. Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology (29), 4, 440-443.
  • King A., Coles B. (1992). The health of Canada’s youth: views and behaviours of 11, 13 and 15 year-olds from 11 countries. Ottawa, Health and Welfare Canada, 1992.
  • Lawton, C.L., Burley, V.J., Wales, J.K., and Blundell, J.E. (1993). Dietary fat and appetite control in obese subjects: Weak effects on satiety. International Journal of Obesity (17), 409-416.
  • Lees, S.J., & Booth, F.W. (2004). Sedentary death syndrome. Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology (29) 4, 447-460.
  • Levin A. (2007). Schools are obesity zones because of marketing pressures.
  • Malina R. (1996). Tracking of physical activity and physical fi tness across the lifespan. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport (67) - Suppl. 3, 1–10.
  • Martínez-López, E.J., Lara, A.J., Cachón, J., Rodríguez, I. (2009a). Characteristic, frequencies and type of physical exercise practiced by the adolescents. Special attention to the obese pupil. Journal of Sport and Health Research (1), 2, 88-100.
  • Martínez-López, E.J., Lozano Fernández L.M., Zagalaz Sánchez, M.L., Romero Granados, S. (2009b). Valoración y autoconcepto del alumnado con sobrepeso. Influencia de la escuela, actitudes sedentarias y de actividad física. Revista internacional de ciencias del deporte, (17), 44-59.
  • Maynard L.M., Wisemandle W., Roche A.F., Chumlea W.C., Guo S.S., Siervogel R.M. (2001). Childhood body composition in relation to body mass index. Pediatrics (107), 344–350.
  • McBride, R. (1993). The TCQ-PE: An adptación of the Teacher concerns Questionnaire instrument to a physical education setting. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education (12),188-196.
  • McManus A. (2000). Physical activity in children: Meaning and measurement. European Journal of Physical Education (5), 133-147.
  • Meredith, M.D., & Welk, G.J. (Eds.). (2005). Fitnessgram/activitygram test administration manual (3rd ed.). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
  • Mulvihill C., Németh A. & Vereecken C. (2004). Body image, weight control and body weight. In: Young people´s health in context. Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study international report from the 2001/2002 survey. Copenhagen, WHO Regional Office for Europe, 2004:120–129. (Health Policy for Children and Adolescents, No.4
  • Murray R., Murnan J. (2008). Response to "Parents' Perceptions of Curricular Issues Affecting Children's Weight in Elementary Schools". The Journal of School Health (77), 5, 223.
  • Nader P. (2003). Frequency and intensity of activity of third-grade children in physical education. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine (157), 185-190.
  • Ogden C.L., Flegal K.M., Carroll M.D., Johnson C.L. (2002). Prevalence and trends in overweight among US children and adolescents, 1999-2000. Journal Of the American Medical Association (288), 1728-1732.
  • Parker L., Reilly J.J., Slater C., Wells J.C., Pitsiladis. (2003). Validity of six field and laboratory methods for measurement of body composition in boys. Obesity Research (11), 852–858.
  • Roberts C., Tynjälä J. & Komkov A. (2004). Physical activity. In: Young people´s health in context. Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study international report from the 2001/2002 survey. Copenhagen, WHO Regional Office for Europe, 2004:90–97. (Health Policy for Children and Adolescents, No.4
  • Santos Muñoz, S. (2005). La Educación Física escolar ante el problema de la obesidad y el sobrepeso. Revista Internacional de Medicina y Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte vol. 5 (19), 179-199
  • Schaefer F., Georgi M., Zieger A., Scharer K. (1994). Usefulness of bio-electrical impedance and skinfold measurements in predicting fat-free mass derived from total body potassium in children. Pediatrics Research (35), 617-624.
  • Serra L., Ribas L., Aranceta J., Perez C., Saavedra P. (2004). Epidemiología de la obesidad infantil y juvenil en España. Resultados del estudio EnKid (1998-2000). En Serra L., Aranceta, J., Obesidad infantil y juvenil. Estudio Enkid. Barcelona. Masson.
  • Serra, M. L., Aranceta, B. J. (2001). Obesidad infantil y juvenil. Estudio EnKid (1998-2000). Vol. 2.- Barcelona. Masson.
  • Sheldon, A.W., Stevens, S.S., Tucker, W.B. (1940). Varietes of human phisique. New York: Harpers Brothers.
  • Speiser, P.W., Rudolf, M.C., Anhalt H., Camacho-Hubner, C., Chiarelli, F., Eliakim A., Freemark M. (2005). Consensus statement: childhood obesity. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (90), 3,1871–1887.
  • Stelzer J. (2005). Promoting Healthy Lifestyles: Prescriptions for Physical Educators. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance (76), 4, 26 – 31.
  • Torgan, C. (2002). Childhood obesity on the rise.
  • Tyrrell V.J., Richards G., Hofman P., Gillies G.F., Robinson E. & Cutreld W.S. (2001). Foot-to-foot bioelectrical impedance analysis: a valuable tool for the measurement of body composition in children. International Journal of Obesity (25), 273 - 278.
  • VanLandeghem, K. (2003). Preventing Obesity in Youth through School-Based Efforts. NGA Center for best practices. This brief was written consultant to NGA, and prepared under a cooperative agreement with the U.S. Departmen of Health and Human Services, Health Resourdes and Services Administration, Maternal and Child Health Bureau.
  • Wang, Y., Wang, J.Q. (2002). A comparison of international referentes for the assessment of child and adolescent overweight and obesity in different populations. European Journal Clinical Nutrition (56), 973–982.
  • Whitaker, R.C., Wright, J.A., Pepe, M.S., Seidel, K.D.,& Dietz, W.H. (1997). Predicting obesity in young adulthood from childhood and parental obesity. New England Journal of Medicine (337), 869-873.
  • Wright C.M., Sherriff A., Ward S.C.G., McColl J.H., Reilly J.J. and Ness A.R. (2008). Development of bioelectrical impedance-derived indices of fat and fat-free mass for assessment of nutritional status in childhood. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (62), 210-217.