El pinsapo, abeto endémico andaluzo, ¿qué hace un tipo como tú en un sitio como éste?

Abstract

Abies pinsapo (Boiss.) is a relict, endemic fir species, that growths at Sierra de las Nieves and Sierra Bermeja (Málaga), and Sierra de Grazalema (Cádiz), in the western part of the Betic Mountain Range (S. of the Iberian peninsula). It is currently distributed within 1000-1700 m a.s.l., occupying about 2000 Ha only, in north-facing slopes, where local geographic and orographic determinants allows for very high precipitation values (from 1000 up to 3000 mm). In its basal altitudinal range, Abies pinsapo forms mixed forests with several Quercus species (Q. rotundifolia, Q. faginea, and even Q. suber). At higher altitude, it forms dense and pure stands, the "pinsapares", that resemble, in physiognomic terms, temperate-boreal conifer forests, despite being within a mediterraneantype climate region. The biogeographic singularity of Abies pinsapo, shared with that of the rest of circum-mediterranean fir species, resulted from an extraordinary concatenation of events, including the collision of the Eurasian and African tectonic plaques and the formation of coastal mountain ranges around the Mediterranean basin, the progressive aridification of the climate that took place from the mid-Miocene, the fluctuation between glacial a inter-glacial periods during the Quaternary, and the existence of local refuges that enabled its survival as a relict species. As a result of their biogeographic singularity, the "pinsapares" represent biodiversity islands, holding many associated endemic plant and animal species. They also constitute a specially suitable model to assess for early-warning signs of the global warming.