Preparación de adsorbentes inorgánicos a partir de materiales de desecho.Su utilización en la eliminación de agentes contaminantes en aguas

Abstract

This Thesis deals with the preparation of carbonaceous adsorbent from solid waste materials such as rubber used tires (GNFU) and its use as adsorbent of contaminants in water. For such a purpose, these adsorbents have been prepared by pyrolysis, physical activation and demineralization of tire rubber by chemical treatment with hydrochloric, nitric and hydrofluoric acids in different ratios of acid/rubber and then physical activation with air, dioxide carbon and steam. Furthermore, samples were prepared by incineration of inorganic adsorbents from rubber used tires and a variety of lignocellulosic materials. For comparison purposes, commercial activated carbon (Merck) was used as an adsorbent. The selected samples have been tested as adsorbents in adsorption of a molecular substance as HgCl₂ and two chemical species and anionic as PO₄³‾ and SBDS in aqueous solution. The study of the adsorption process was carried out both from the point of view of the kinetics and equilibrium (isotherms). In general, regardless of the adsorbate used, adsorbent samples have been prepared which behaves in a similar or even improved way compared to commercial activated carbon in the adsorption process.