Algunas soluciones cartográficas aplicadas a la física solar

Resumo

The aim of this thesis is to study some historical observations of the Sun using different cartographic and computation tools to obtain heliographic coordinates of the sunspots. First, we review the studies on the shape of the Sun and the reference systems used as well as the relationships between the position of the Earth in its orbit, the orientation of the Sun and the coordinates of the sunspots. From a spherical reference surface for the Sun, we apply the classic theory of map projections to the historical observations of sunspots. In the first case, we recovered the lost observations of S.T. Soemmering (between 1826 and 1829) from the graphic materials on these observations published by L. Thilo and R. Carrington We have also obtained the coordinates of sunspots observed by Professor B. Sestini in Washington in 1847 using the software HSunpots. We have also obtained the coordinates of the spots of the astrometrical observations made by B. Oriani in Milan in the years 1778 and 1779. Finally, we have studied the hemispheric asymmetry of the sunspots observed during the Maunder minimum (1645-1715) from the data and graphical materials published by Spörer (1889) and Ribes and Nesme-Ribes (1993). Thus, we have developed a set of methods that can be applied to the diverse characteristics of historical observations of sunspots.